Filtyp
In their studies of collective exploitation of common-pool resources, Ostrom and other scholars have stressed the importance of sanctioning as an essential method for preventing overuse and, eventually, the collapse of commons. However, most of the available evidence is based on data covering a relatively small period in history, and thus does not inform us about the evolution of rules, including
Innovation är en kraft som står bakom förändringen i vår vardag. Till exempel att prata med någon på andra sidan jordklotet med en mobil eller beställa dina matvaror eller skor på din smarta mobil. Det var otänkbart för mindre än 40 år sedan. Vi vill naturligtvis att innovationer i vårt samhälle ska fortsätta förbättra våra liv. Men innovationsverksamhet och att generera nya produkter, tjänster, aInnovation measurement and metrics have fascinated scholars from several disciplines over the last decade. Allthese diverse contributions, however, have resulted in a current state of knowledge that is signified by largenumbers of articles without clear integration and synthesis. Therefore, this thesis aims to increase thetheoretical, empirical, and practical understanding of innovation measuremen
Building occupant behaviour is known to be an important factor that drives building energy use and the associated carbon emissions. A substantial body of work has investigated occupant behaviour and the underlying drivers. Yet it is generally known that some buildings allow only minimal behavioural intervention, such as on/off control of lights. Other buildings allow a much higher degree of interv
Impaired rennet coagulation properties in milk could lead to prolonged processing times and production losses. Heritability for milk coagulation has previously been estimated to be 0.28 to 0.45, indicating that genetic selection can be used to manipulate this trait. The CN proteins are expressed by the genes CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, and CSN3 and are located on bovine chromosome 6. To better understan
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by the accumulation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and aberrant remodeling of the lung parenchyma. However, the sources of fibroblasts in IPF lungs are unclear. Fibrocytes are circulating progenitors of fibroblasts implicated in wound healing and fibrosis. In this study we evaluated evidence for the presence of fibrocytes in the lung of patients with i
Objective: Little is known about the prevalence and impact of insomnia on clinical outcomes in youth with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). This study aimed to investigate this subject. Patients/methods: A total of 193 patients from a specialist pediatric OCD clinic completed a range of diagnostic and clinical measures, including the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Patients scoring above a previ
Adaptive phenotypic plasticity may improve the response of individuals when faced with new environmental conditions. Typically, empirical evidence for plasticity is based on phenotypic reaction norms obtained in reciprocal transplant experiments. In such experiments, individuals from their native environment are transplanted into a different environment, and a number of trait values, potentially i
Studies on annual settlement growth have mainly focused on larger cities or incorporated data rarely available in, or applicable to, sparsely populated areas in sub-Saharan Africa, such as aerial photography or night-time light data. The aim of the present study is to quantify settlement growth in rural communities in Burkina Faso affected by industrial mining, which often experience substantial i
The advent of high-throughput single-cell transcriptomic analysis of microglia has revealed different phenotypes that are inherently associated with disease conditions. A common feature of some of these activated phenotypes is the upregulation of galectin-3. Representative examples of these phenotypes include disease-associated microglia (DAM) and white-associated microglia (WAM), whose role(s) in
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) plants have gained growing interest and application due to their low energy demand, small footprint, and low operational costs. However, the fulfilment of strict discharge limits for nitrogen and phosphorus, vast seasonal temperature variations, and large peaks in influent flows may pose challenges to the implementation of AGS. Moreover, the knowledge about microbial
Recent research in motion event typology has moved beyond the binary Talmian division of "verb-framed" and "satellite-framed" languages and has established the existence of at least four distinct typological clusters, instantiated by, for example, Swedish (Germanic), French (Romance), Thai (Tai-Kadai) and Telugu (Dravidian). In this paper, we focus on characteristic features of Telugu, as a repres
Dendritic cells are the sentinels of the immune system, linking the innate and adaptive immune response. Myeloid and dendritic cell models have been successfully used in in vitro approaches to predict adverse outcomes such as skin sensitization. We here exposed a well-characterized human dendritic cell-like cell line to agricultural chemicals, including fungicide formulations, active ingredients,
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the primary method for noninvasive investigations of the human brain in health, disease, and development but yields data that are difficult to interpret whenever the millimeter-scale voxels contain multiple microscopic tissue environments with different chemical and structural properties. We propose a novel MRI framework to quantify the microscopic heterogeneity
The current family of 802.11 protocols are based on the Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) mechanism which is a simple and robust means of sharing a channel. However, two current trends in wireless networks point towards a situation where CSMA fails to perform better than pure random access solutions such as ALOHA. The first trend is the ever increasing raw data rate in each generation of 802.11
Neural induction by cell-cell signaling was discovered a century ago by the organizer transplantations of Spemann and Mangold in amphibians. Spemann later found that early dorsal blastopore lips induced heads and late organizers trunk-tail structures. Identifying region-specific organizer signals has been a driving force in the progress of animal biology. Head induction in the absence of trunk is
