The free volume of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) conditioned in supercritical CO2 was investigated by using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). Supercritical CO2 increased the free volume cavity size of amorphous sPS and made the formation of gamma crystal occur. The orthopositronium (o-Ps) intensity I-3 was correlated well with the crystallinity of gamma form sPS, revealed by its

The results of an interlaboratory comparison of the measurement of apparent density, solid density, open porosity and retention curves are presented. Baumberger sandstone and Sander sandstone were used as test materials. Repeatability standard deviation and reproducibility standard deviation for the measurement of apparent density, solid density, open porosity and retention curve moisture content

ClC Cl(-) channels in endosomes, synaptosomes, lysosomes, and beta-cell insulin granules provide charge neutralization support for the functionally indispensable acidification of the luminal interior by electrogenic H(+)-ATPases (Jentsch, T. J., Stein, V., Weinreich, F., and Zdebik, A. A. (2002) Physiol. Rev. 82, 503-568). Regulation of ClC activity is, therefore, of widespread biological signific

Endoglucanases (endo-1,4---glucan-4-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.4) are industrially important enzymes. In this study endoglucanase I (EGI or Cel7B) of the filamentous fungi Trichoderma reesei has been genetically engineered to investigate the influence of tryptophan rich peptide extensions (tags) on partitioning in an aqueous two-phase model system. EGI is a two-domain enzyme and is composed of a N

OBJECTIVE: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is accompanied by enhanced peripheral sympathetic nerve activity, increased vascular resistance and impaired peripheral blood flow. Besides noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y, the sympathetic nervous system also releases ATP, which has contractile effects mediated by different subtypes of P2-receptors on the vascular smooth muscle cells. The present study wa

The visual system of box jellyfish comprises a total of 24 eyes. These are of four types and each probably has a special function. To investigate this hypothesis the morphology and optics of the lesser eyes, the pit and slit eyes, were examined. The pit eyes hold one cell type only and are probably mere light meters. The slit eyes, comprising four cell types, are complex and highly asymmetric. The

Multipotent stem/progenitor cells derived from human first trimester forebrain can be expanded as free-floating aggregates, so called neurospheres. These cells can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In vitro differentiation protocols normally yield γ-aminobutyric acid-immunoreactive neurons, whereas only few tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expressing neurons are found. The pres

Blood coagulation factors IX and X are two serine proteases with a similar modular structure. The non-catalytic part of each protein consists of a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-containing module and two modules homologous to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) precursor. We have now found that the NH2-terminal EGF-like module of both factors IX and X inhibits factor Xa formation in a Gla-independ

Jurassic basanite necks occurring at the junction of two major fault zones in Scania contain ultramafic (peridotites, pyroxenites) and mafic xenoliths, which together indicate a diversity of upper mantle and lower crustal assemblages beneath this region. The peridotites can be subdivided into lherzolites, dunites and harzburgites. Most lherzolites are porphyroclastic, containing orthopyroxene and

This article describes and explains the movement of female relative wages in Sweden from 1920 to 1995. During this period the aggregate gender wage gap shrunk from 41 to 15%. The bulk of the change took place in two periods: 1920 to 1940 and 1960 to 1980. With regard to determining factors, the analysis distinguishes between the period before 1960, when the rise in the female relative wage was the

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We have previously shown an association between a XbaI polymorphism in the muscle glycogen synthase gene (GYS1) and both Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Association studies are, however, hampered by the selection of the control group. To circumvent these problems we addressed the same question using a novel genotype discordant paired-sibling app

The human ribosomal protein S19 gene (RPS19) is mutated in approximately 20% of patients with Diamond-Black fan anemia (DBA), a congenital disease with a specific defect in erythropoiesis. The clinical expression of DBA is highly variable, and subclinical phenotypes may be revealed by elevated erythrocyte deaminase (eADA) activity only. In mice, complete loss of Rps19 results in early embryonic le

By tailoring the wavefront of the laser pulse used in a laser-wakefield accelerator, we show that the properties of the x-rays produced due to the electron beam's betatron oscillations in the plasma can be controlled. By creating a wavefront with coma, we find that the critical energy of the synchrotronlike x-ray spectrum can be significantly increased. The coma does not substantially change the e

X-ray luminescence from CdTe nanoparticles is observed when CdTe nanoparticles are encapsulated into BaFBr:Eu2+ phosphors. In contrast, negligible x-ray luminescence is observed from the unencapsulated nanoparticles, either in solution or in solid form. The origin of the x-ray luminescence is attributed to the effective energy transfer from Eu2+ ions to CdTe nanoparticles in the nanocomposite mate

The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis is a complicated chain of interactions between cells and molecules. During recent years bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in patients with various interstitial lung disorders has increased our knowledge of the fibrosis process and focused on new interesting interactions. Here we present an animal model which makes it possible to apply both morphological and immuno

Analyses of data from cancer registries have shown a 10% unit difference in 5-year relative survival between Danish and Swedish patients with breast cancer. This study investigates the effect of age and patho-anatomic variables on this survival difference. Hospital records were collected for women over 40 years of age diagnosed in 1989 or 1994 in east Denmark and south Sweden; patho-anatomical var

Micrometer-sized enzyme grids were fabricated on gold surfaces using a novel method based on a flow-through microdispenser. The method involves dispensing very small droplets of enzyme solution (similar to 100 pL) during the concomitant relative movement of a gold substrate with respect to the nozzle of a microdispenser, resulting in enzyme patterns with a line width of similar to 100 mum. Differe