The question of how cooperation evolves and is maintained among nonkin is central to the biological, social, and behavioral sciences. Previous research has focused on explaining how cooperation in social dilemmas can be maintained by direct and indirect reciprocity among the participants of the social dilemma. However, in complex human societies, both modern and ancient, cooperation is frequently

Mangrove plantations are crucial for carbon sequestration in global climate change mitigation efforts. However, the dynamics and partitioning of carbon stocks in the soil vegetation system in mangrove plantations are little understood. We assessed the carbon stocks across different plantation age groups, species, and sites. Our findings revealed that soil C concentration ranged from 0.4 to 1.5%, a

Aim: The main objective of the current study was to explore the value of risk-adjustment when comparing (i.e. benchmarking) long-term overall survival (OS) in breast cancer (BC) between Swedish regions. We performed risk-adjusted benchmarking of 5- and 10-year OS after HER2-positive early BC diagnosis between Sweden's two largest healthcare regions, constituting approximately a third of the total

Background: Postprandial metabolomic profiles and their inter-individual variability are not well characterised. Here, we describe postprandial metabolite changes, their correlations with fasting values and their inter- and intra-individual variability, following a standardised meal in the ZOE PREDICT 1 cohort. Methods: In the ZOE PREDICT 1 study (n = 1002 (NCT03479866)), 250 metabolites, mainly l

Climate change and dwindling resources underline that we need to bring production and consumption levels in line with planetary boundaries. Consumption, particularly in high-income communities, needs to be reduced and stabilized at sustainable levels. Businesses can play a key role as suppliers of goods and services and creators of demand. Some companies are rising to the challenge and promoting l

Research on the impacts of COVID-19 on mobility has focused primarily on the increased health vulnerabilities of involuntary migrant and displaced populations. But virtually all migration flows have been truncated and altered because of reduced economic and mobility opportunities of migrants. Here we use a well-established framework of migration decision-making, whereby individual decisions combin

Fires involving electric vehicles have attracted considerable attention in the media. In particular, the toxic gases released upon combustion of electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries has been a major concern. In this study, the results of six large-scale vehicle fire tests are presented including three electric vehicles, two internal combustion engine vehicles, and one electric vehicle with

Extrapulmonary manifestations of infection with Legionella species, of which 24 may cause disease in humans, are very rare. Here, we describe a case of a 61-year-old woman with no history of immunosuppression presenting with pain and swelling of her index finger after a prick by rose thorns during gardening. Clinical examination showed fusiform swelling of the finger with mild redness, warmth, and

INTRODUCTION If a family is discharged from a hospital earlier after birth, close supervision by a skilled midwife is essential. The aim was to describe mothers’ overall experience receiving postnatal care in a Swedish home-based midwifery care model. METHODS A descriptive qualitative study was conducted. Mothers meeting the inclusion criteria for a new home-based postnatal care model at a hospita

Background: Shoulder and arm dysfunction such as reduced range of motion (ROM) and seroma formation, are common complications following axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). There are conflicting results on the effect of early postoperative exercise on the risk of seroma. This study aims to present incidence of symptomatic seroma formation in a large, population-based cohort, and assesses whether

Introduction Pressure-volume (PV) loops can be used to assess both load-dependent and load-independent measures of cardiac hemodynamics. However, analysis of PV loops during exercise is challenging as it requires invasive measures. Using a novel method, it has been shown that left ventricular (LV) PV loops at rest can be obtained non-invasively from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and bra

Background: Return-to-work (RTW) resources for persons with mental health disorders are limited and costs are typically shared by several stakeholders in society. Occupational therapists (OT) provide RTW interventions for this target group, however, increased knowledge of health, and employment effects, as well as costs are needed to better inform decision makers in their prioritisations. Aims/obj

In social work, practitioners are often faced with situations in which they have to choose an intervention. A fundamental ethical principle of social work practice is to minimize the risk of adverse effects caused by social services. To adhere to this principle, practitioners must be aware of the possible positive and negative effects of potential services. There are hundreds of interventions curr

Are certain citizens more likely to feel entitled to evaluate the quality of democratic institutions in their country? Previous studies show that women are more likely than men to answer “don’t know” when asked to express their views about the state of democracy. This article analyzes how political knowledge and internal efficacy contribute to such a gender gap in item non-response rates in resear

Bacteria have evolved diverse immunity mechanisms to protect themselves against the constant onslaught of bacteriophages1-3. Similar to how eukaryotic innate immune systems sense foreign invaders through pathogen-associated molecular patterns4 (PAMPs), many bacterial immune systems that respond to bacteriophage infection require phage-specific triggers to be activated. However, the identities of s

The central aim of this thesis is to derive, implement and test new methods to calculate various types of spectroscopies of compounds containing heavy elements in an aqueous environment. Methods that can target such systems have to consider the following:(i) It is crucial to take relativistic effects into account.(ii) Modeling of larger systems is expensive in quantum chemistry. Thus, cheaper opti

Collective collapse occurs when a majority of the players in a team suddenly perform below expected level in a match, in spite of a satisfactory start, or when a team underperforms right from the start. Research results from a study on 146 male players and 15 coaches in various team sports at the elite level, and a study on a team involved in a collective collapse, and the opposite, a winning turn

Drawing from interviews with posters and an analysis of a dozen discussion threads on the Swedish online discussion forum Flashback, this article sets out to investigate the dramatization of crime news from the point of view of the participants themselves. Analyzing both the online discussions and the articulated motivations and activities of the posters, this article focuses on how participants i

Here, we report, for the first time, a microsporidian infection in laboratory-reared larvae of the damselfly Ischnura elegans. Infected larvae originated from field-collected adult females, which were caught in southern Poland in August 2020 (the second half of the flight season). Higher rearing temperatures and the presence of predator cues from the invasive alien signal crayfish (Pacifastacus le