In classical thermodynamics energy always flows from the hotter system to the colder one. However, if these systems are initially correlated, the energy flow can reverse, making the cold system colder and the hot system hotter. This intriguing phenomenon is called "anomalous energy flow"and shows the importance of initial correlations in determining physical properties of thermodynamic systems. He

The past evolution of precipitation and atmospheric convection in the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) is critical for global climate changes but is under debate because of its forcing mechanisms. Here, we present a high temporal resolution (∼156 years) grain-size record of core MD01–2385 over the last 140 kyr, in offshore northern New Guinea to reveal sediment dynamics as a proxy for precipitatio

Experience of out-of-home care (OHC) is associated with life-long vulnerability, and research indicates that parents with experiences of OHC are at higher risk of having their own children placed in out-of-home care. However, research on these parents is limited and lacks a resilience perspective. Here, we focused on parents with OHC experience as children but with custody of their own children (N

This paper formalizes the use of integral and differential cumulants for measurements of multiparticle event-by-event transverse momentum fluctuations, rapidity fluctuations, as well as net-charge fluctuations. This enables the introduction of multiparticle balance functions, defined based on differential correlation functions (factorial cumulants), that suppress two- and three-prong resonance dec

Poorly crystalline Al and Fe minerals have high sorption capacities for phosphate anions. However, there is still uncertainty about the molecular-level distribution of phosphorus (P) species between Al and Fe mineral phases, which can be relevant for bioavailability. The present study employed synchrotron X-ray microscopic techniques to distinguish between Al- and Fe-associated P phases in two Pod

Schreckstoff (fear substance) is an alarm signal released by injured fish that induces a fear response. Its chemical nature has long been debated. A new study finds that zebrafish Schreckstoff is composed of at least three components, two of which elicit the fear response only in combination.

Effects of various heating temperatures (124, 129, 134, 140 or 143 °C) and holding times (1 and 4 s) on milk quality using direct and indirect heating systems at pilot scale were investigated. Vitamin degradation was observed for both direct and indirect heating and the degradation increased with increasing temperature and holding time, however, no difference could be seen between heating systems.

Evacuation drills are frequently required components of health and safety processes, but they are often documented poorly (if at all), and thus might generate very little useful or actionable information. Given how much drills cost (in terms of potential risk to participants, financial overhead of downtime and restart time, etc.) it is perhaps surprising that even large organizations often lack a

Background Cranial neuropathies (CN) are a rare neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) manifestation. Previous studies reported that antibodies to the kinesin family member 20B (KIF20B) (anti-KIF20B) protein were associated with idiopathic ataxia and CN. We assessed anti-KIF20B as a potential biomarker for NPSLE in an international SLE inception cohort. Methods Individuals fulfilling the revised 1997 Americ

Experimental tests of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) under in-plane beam loading conditions are presented. The influence of the element layup, the individual lamination width, and the beam overhang at the supports on the shear force capacity was investigated. All the CLT beams had the same gross cross section, and a 4-point-bending test setup was used. The experimentally determined load-bearing capa

(1) Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare systemic disease, which often affects the esophagus, leading to dilation and complications such as dysphagia and reflux. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition with recurrent episodes of upper airway collapsibility and is known to impair quality of life (QoL). The primary aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of esophag

Understanding, predicting, and controlling the phenotypic consequences of genetic and environmental change is essential to many areas of fundamental and applied biology. In evolutionary biology, the generative process of development is a major source of organismal evolvability that constrains or facilitates adaptive change by shaping the distribution of phenotypic variation that selection can act

Wildfire is one of the most important disturbances affecting boreal forests. Most previous research on boreal forest fires has occurred in North American forests which have different fire regimes, tree species and are less intensively managed than their Eurasian counterparts. Recent extreme fire years have highlighted the vulnerability of the Nordic boreal forest to climatic shifts that are increa

The Mousterian of the Grotta Grande (Southern Italy) is here subject to new dating, which provide a surprisingly high-resolution on the stratigraphic sequence. Overall, the deposit in the Trench F appears framed in the MIS 5, into a brief chronological time span immediately after the Last Interglacial, between ∼116 ka and 109 ka. Significant archaeological evidence has been found in this sector on

Background: The body mass index (BMI) is prone to misclassification of obesity due to age-related height loss and resulting measurement errors. Knee-height based BMI (KH-BMI) has not been previously studied in relation to mortality risk in older adults. Aim: To evaluate the age- and sex-specific mortality risk relationship using classic BMI and knee height predicted BMI (KH-BMI) overweight and obe

Due to large losses of seagrass meadows worldwide, restoration is proposed as a key strategy for increasing coastal resilience and recovery. The emergence of a seagrass meadow is expected to substantially amplify biodiversity and enhance benthic metabolism by increasing primary productivity and respiration. Nevertheless, open questions remain regarding the metabolic balance of aging seagrass meado

Drug-induced hepatotoxicity constitutes a major reason for non-approval and post-marketing withdrawal of pharmaceuticals. In many cases, preclinical models lack predictive capacity for hepatic damage in humans. A vital concern is the integration of immune system effects in preclinical safety assessment. The immune-related Adverse Outcome Pathway (irAOP) approach, which is applied within the Immune

Background: Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) which necessitates monitoring of risk factors and appropriate pharmacotherapy. This study aimed to identify factors predicting emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and mortality among T2D patients after being newly diagnosed with CVD. Methods: In a retrospective observation

Using Euryale ferox husk as raw material, pristine biochar (EBC), Bi2MoO6-modified biochar (BM-EBC), and BiFeO3-modified biochar (BF-EBC) were prepared and employed for decontaminating Congo red (CR) from wastewater. Compared with EBC (217.59 mg/g) and BF-EBC (359.49 mg/g), a superior adsorption capacity of 460.77 mg/g was achieved by BM-EBC. Based on the evaluation results of the Freundlich and p