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Popular Abstract in Swedish Osteoporos (benskörhet) innebär att såväl bentätheten som skelettets hållfasthet minskar, vilket leder till ökad risk att få frakturer (benbrott). Osteoporos är en folksjukdom, där frakturerna medför stora kostnader såväl för individen som för samhället. De frakturer som räknas som osteoporosfrakturer är i första hand de som drabbar höft, bäcken, axel, handled och kota.Hip fracture is the most severe clinical manifestation of bone fragility. Hip fracture predominantly affects an already frail population and is associated with multi-cause morbidity and high mortality. Improved knowledge of long-term outcome is essential in order to improve future care and prevention of both fracture and its complications. In this thesis, all hip fracture patients during 1984-198

Rapid development of nanotechnologies and their applications in clinical research have raised concerns about the adverse effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on human health and environment. NPs can be directly taken up by organs exposed, but also translocated to secondary organs, such as the central nervous system (CNS) after systemic- or subcutaneous administration, or via the olfactory system. The CN

The aim of this study was to investigate how development have affected access to sustainable livelihood capitals and how the perceived access to these capitals have changed in the past decades in Dravuwalu, a coastal society in Fiji. A case-study was conducted in the village of Drawuvalu. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews and observations. The composition of livelihoods at the t

This paper investigates the last two months of the Vietnam War, March and April 1975, from the CIA:s perspective. During the last two decades, the CIA have declassified many documents about the Vietnam war, thus making new source material available. The withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan and the subsequent Taliban conquest, has also sparked a renewed interest in the Vietnam war. Hence,

Everything we see in nature shows how the environment influences them from both inside and outside, for example, appearance and inner structure. As Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection, specific behavioural and physical adaptations that are the outcome of natural selection. [1] The outer appearance is a visible reflection of how environment changed while the inner structure is the organism

With increasing demands on consumer products, attempts have been made to integrate all aspects of the product by the use of Cross-Functional Teams (CFTs) in product development work. However, research has shown that this integration often fails to reach its full potential. Considering the interdisciplinary interaction between industrial designers and engineering designers in CFTs, barriers p

The diverse application of unmanned aerial vehicles has rapidly progressed during the last decade and is currently being implemented for medical deliveries in multiple developing countries. Thus far, medical drone delivery systems have successfully been established on a national scale in Ghana and Rwanda by the American company Zipline, currently playing a leading role within the field. The conduc

We have a limited amount of greenhouse gases left to emit, our global carbon budget, if we are to divert the worst effects of the climate crisis. This study aimed to map how municipalities implement carbon-budgeting in their efforts to fulfil the Paris agreement, and investigate why the instrument is not more frequently used. A survey among Swedish municipalities was carried out, in two stages. A

The average life expectancy for large companies on the fortune 500 list has declined rapidly since the 1950s. One major reason is the growing competition from new actors on the market. Innovation has become one of the most important competencies for companies to get ahead of the competition. The growing demand for companies to be innovative and at the same time operate their core business have dee

The turn of the twentieth century was a period of rapid decline in infant- and child mortality and a time of industrialization and urbanization in Sweden. It was also a period of growing social disparities in childhood mortality. The inequality in child survival was connected to a range of factors, including access to water- and sanitation, housing conditions, infant care, and possibly nutrition.

The turn of the twentieth century was a period of rapid decline in infant- and child mortality and a time of industrialization and urbanization in Sweden. It was also a period of growing social disparities in childhood mortality. The inequality in child survival was connected to a range of factors, including access to water- and sanitation, housing conditions, infant care, and possibly nutrition.

Ett skatteavtals huvudobjektiv är att förhindra juridisk dubbelbeskattning för att främja den globala ekonomin. Detta har under en längre tid ansetts innebära stora möjligheter för skattesubjekt att minska, eller totalt undgå, skattebelastning. Sådana förfaranden medför skadliga effekter på den fiskala miljön och den globala ekonomin i stort. Den inneboende slitningen mellan å ena sida främjandet The main objective of a tax treaty is the avoidance of juridical double taxation in order to further the development of the global economy. Tax treaties has, however, for a long time been known to function as a vehicle for taxpayers to reduce or all together avoid taxation. Such arrangements or schemes cause adverse effects to the fiscal environment and the global economy at large. The inherent di

The accession to the European Union was based on the financial gains that could be made on the single market. When acceding the Union the Member States gave up parts of their state sovereignty. This statement is not unproblematic. My thesis touches on the posting of workers. Since the adoption of the new Enforcement Directive on the Posting of Workers Directive, two reports on the Swedish impleme

This thesis investigates the practices and mobilities of the Danish OpenStreetMap community in order to understand how open-source mapping affects the problem-solving capacity. In more detail, my research challenges the perception of maps as ideal representations of the environment. Instead, it stresses the importance of mapping and the role of the mapper, who moves in a hybrid space, encountering

Background-Experimental studies have shown that induction of hypothermia before reperfusion of acute coronary occlusion reduces infarct size. Previous clinical studies, however, have not been able to show this effect, which is believed to be mainly because therapeutic temperature was not reached before reperfusion in the majority of the patients. We aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of

The complement system can be specifically targeted to tumor cells due to molecular changes on their surfaces that are recognized by complement directly or via naturally occurring antibodies. However, tumor cells often overexpress membrane-bound complement inhibitors protecting them from complement attack. We have previously shown that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, additionally to membr

The ringing and controlling of previously marked birds are invaluable tools for studying the survival, productivity, and movement of birds. To maximize the value of ringing data, it is important to minimize any potential biases. For some species, such as nestbox-breeding owls, ringing records are typically heavily skewed toward females because they generally are easier to catch. The use of traditi

Through biosilicification, organisms incorporate dissolved silica (dSi) and deposit it as biogenic silica (bSi), driving the silicon (Si) cycle in aquatic systems. While Si accumulation in marine picocyanobacteria has been recently observed, its mechanisms and ecological implications remain unclear. This study investigates biosilicification in marine and brackish picocyanobacteria of the Synechoco

Purpose: Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of optic neuropathies that potentially may be associated with other cerebral neurodegenerative processes leading to dementia. However, prior studies have been inconsistent. We examined dementia risks after glaucoma diagnosis in a large population-based cohort. Design: National matched cohort study. Participants: A total of 324 730 persons diagnosed with g