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The objective of this paper is twofold. First, against the background of an existing empirical literature on the duration of trade which has found that international trade is often of strikingly short duration, we aim to establish whether or not EU imports from the rest of the world also are short-lived. Second, since there is at this point no clear commonly accepted theoretical explanation for th

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a disease of the blood affecting T-lymphocytes. Although notable improvements have been achieved in T-ALL treatment, half of the adult T-ALL patients still experience treatment failure. In order to develop a targeted therapy, we need a better understanding of T-ALL pathogenesis. In this study, we used patient-derived cell lines which display resistanc

This book is concerned with how search, searching and with them search engines have become so widely used that we have stopped noticing them. One of society’s key infrastructure for knowing and getting informed are computerised systems supporting the search for and locating of documents and information. The use of these systems, search engines, is curiously dispersed and centralised at the same ti

The Mesoproterozoic Era (1,600–1,000 million years ago, Ma) geochemical record is sparse, but, nevertheless, critical in untangling relationships between the evolution of eukaryotic ecosystems and the evolution of Earth-surface chemistry. The ca. 1,400 Ma Xiamaling Formation has experienced only very low-grade thermal maturity and has emerged as a promising geochemical archive informing on the in

Background: At birth, infants' lungs are fluid-filled. For newborns to have a successful transition, this fluid must be replaced by air to enable effective breathing. Some infants are judged to have inadequate breathing at birth and are resuscitated with positive pressure ventilation (PPV). Giving prolonged (sustained) inflations at the start of PPV may help clear lung fluid and establish gas volu

Coastal erosion in Mozambique: Governing processes and remedial measures. Mozambique's 2800-km-long coastline comes with associated vulnerability to coastal erosion, their processes, and resulting evolution. In fact, coastal erosion has been identified as a dominant phenomenon in the Mozambican coastal system. It is driven by a combination of natural processes and anthropogenic actions. Despite th

Finding life on a planet other than the Earth would easily be one of the greatest discoveries of all time, particularly so if it is found outside our Solar System. To do so, we must understand the conditions required for life to emerge and develop. Whilst an enormous amount of research has gone into understanding the requirements for life on Earth to have spontaneously arisen and then evolved, muc

This thesis explores the possibility of using advanced device geometries and heterostructure engineering to manipulate, control, and study the electrical and optical properties of semiconductor nanowires. The first part of the thesis investigates the use of different gate-all-around architectures for creating new types of gate-controlled nanowire devices, primarily intended for fundamental studies

AbstractBoth men and women with end stage renal disease (ESRD) often suffer from infertility. The reason for this is multifactorial and includes sexual dysfunction, psychological factors and hormonal disturbances. The hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis is altered already at moderate reduction in kidney function. Hyperprolactinemia and testosterone deficiency due to Leydig cell impairment have bee

Mycorrhizal symbioses -- the union of roots and soil fungi -- are universal in terrestrial ecosystems and may have been fundamental to land colonization by plants1,2. Boreal, temperate, and montane forests all depend upon ectomycorrhizae1. Identification of the primary factors that regulate symbiotic development and metabolic activity will therefore open the door to understanding the role of 2 ect

The recognition of a strong etiological relationship between infection with high-risk human papillomavirusses and cervical cancer has prompted research to develop and evaluate prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. One prophylactic quadrivalent vaccine using L1 virus-like particles (VLP) of HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 is available on the European market since the end of 2006 and it is expected that a sec

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have been shown to increase the Costs Of multiple mating and therefore favor relatively monogamous mating strategies. We examine another way in which STDs can influence mating systems in species in which female choice is important. Because more popular males are more likely to become infected, STDs can counteract any selective pressure that generates strong mat

Background: Evolutionary biologists are often misled by convergence of morphology and this has been common in the study of bird evolution. However, the use of molecular data sets have their own problems and phylogenies based on short DNA sequences have the potential to mislead us too. The relationships among clades and timing of the evolution of modern birds (Neoaves) has not yet been well resolve

Most fractures heal uneventfully but some evolve into nonunions. Autologous bone graft is the gold standard for stimulating healing. However, donor site morbidity, and limited graft supply make alternatives interesting. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, BMPs, are growth factors involved in bone signaling. They are available in recombinant form for local application in nonunions and stimulate differenti

Investigations on exposure to electromagnetic have generated conflicting results both in epidemiological and laboratory studies, leaving their possible health consequences largely inconclusive. One of the well-reported reasons for the discrepancies is that there is no generally accepted theory to describe the interactions between the very weak electromagnetic fields and the living cells. This work

Semantic roles, logical relations such as Agent or Instrument that hold between events and their participants and circumstances, need to be determined automatically by several types of applications in natural language processing. This process is referred to as semantic role labeling. This dissertation describes how to construct statistical models for semantic role labeling of English text, and how

A particle-based transported probability density function (PDF) method with a novel chemistry acceleration technique is developed in this work. The technique is based on the chemistry coordinate mapping (CCM) approach that was proposed in our previous works for accelerating direct numerical simulations (DNS) of partially premixed combustion. The method is first validated using Sandia flames D and