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Popular Abstract in Swedish Den huvudsakliga hämmande signalsubstansen i hjärnan är GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid, gamma-aminosmörsyra). GABA finns i ungefär hälften av alla nervceller i hjärnan och alla nervceller i hjärnan antas ha receptorer som binder GABA. Om man tänker på alla de normala neurologiska funktioner samt rubbningar där GABA är involverat är det inte svårt att förstå GABA:s oerhörInhibitory neurotransmission in the brain is mostly mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors. These receptors are involved in both phasic inhibition (point-to-point inhibition, synaptic transmission) and tonic inhibition (diffuse form of inhibition, brain homeostasis). In this thesis the functional and pharmacological properties of GABAA receptors expressed in brain slices or i

Antigens of the clinically important ABO and P1PK blood group systems are carbohydrate structures. Thus the underlying genes do not encode antigens directly but glycosyltransferases that add specific sugar molecules to selected precursor chains. The aim of this study was to investigate the transcriptional regulation of ABO and A4GALT, with an emphasis on interindividual differences. The up-and dow

Protein E (PE) of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is involved in adhesion and activation of epithelial cells. A total of 186 clinical NTHi isolates, encapsulated H. influenzae, and culture collection strains were analyzed. PE was highly conserved in both NTHi and encapsulated H. influenzae (96.9%-100% identity without the signal peptide). PE also existed in other members of the genus Pas

The effect of a single washing of the urogenital tract with 0.5 g/l chlorhexidine was studied in 6 women in weeks 38-40 of pregnancy, among whom 5 were carriers of group B streptococci in urethra and/or cervix. The chlorhexidine concentrations varied between 25 and 200 mg/l during the first hour after washing in 5 of the 6 women, whereas one patient showed concentrations below 25 mg/l. With the ex

Quasistatic propagation of a short edge crack, located within one grain of a bcc material has been studied using a discrete dislocation technique. The geometry is modelled by distributed dislocation dipole elements and the plasticity by discrete dislocations. The crack is assumed to grow through a single shear mechanism due to nucleation and annihilation of dislocations along preferred slip planes

Molecular transport characterized by diffusion coefficients is a key feature of food processes and especially in dairy processes. Caseins represent 80% of the protein content in milk and are directly involved in the formation of dairy gels. Consequently, providing a quantitative description of the solute diffusion in casein gels should contribute significantly to rationalization of the dairy proce

The swelling behavior of polyelectrolyte gels with and without short-range attraction was studied at variable permittivities using Monte Carlo simulations. The primitive model, with explicit treatment of all charged species augmented with an attractive square-well potential between network particles, was used. Discontinuous volume transitions appeared at critical values of the depth of the square-

Background: In most clubfoot studies, the outcome instruments used are designed to evaluate classification or long-term cross-sectional results. Variables deal mainly with factors on body function/structure level. Wide scorings intervals and total sum scores increase the risk that important changes and information are not detected. Studies of the reliability, validity and responsiveness of these i

The process of steam drying a bed of porous spheres is analysed in terms of a hybrid model that makes use of volume averaged transport equations for the fluid flowing in the bed and point equations for the heat and mass transport taking place in the spheres. To verify the model, a series of experiments with varying mass flux and steam temperature were carried out at atmospheric pressure using cera

BACKGROUND: Little work has been done to investigate the suggestion that the use of selected scales from a multi-scale health-status questionnaire would compromise reliability and validity. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of three scales selected from the SF-36 generic health questionnaire when administered in isolation or within the entire SF-36 to patients with musculoskelet

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bakgrund Denna studie är en undersökning av barns musikskapande med synthesizer och dator. I studien deltog nio barn i åttaårsåldern. Musik utgör en viktig del i barns och ungdomars vardag och den stora exponering för musik som sker i vårt samhälle innebär att ingen är någon musikalisk nybörjare. Det är väl känt att barn kan skapa musik på egen hand, mest är det dock bToday’s children live in a world where music in all its different forms has become a significant factor in their everyday life. From earlier research we know that young children are able to create music by singing and using musical instruments. The present study was undertaken with eight-year-old children in school year 2 in order to investigate the children’s composing and composition processes u

High-spin states in Mo-88 were studied using the GAMMASPHERE germanium detector array in conjunction with the MICROBALL CsI(TI) charged-particle detector system. Three gamma-ray cascades with dynamic moments of inertia showing similar characteristics to superdeformed rotational bands observed in the neighbouring A = 80 region have been identified and assigned to the nucleus Mo-88. The quadrupole m

Objective. Peritoneal adhesions develop after almost all surgical interventions in the abdomen. We have developed an efficient treatment against post-surgical adhesions consisting of a combination of positively charged poly-L-lysine and negatively charged poly-L-glutamate. The aim of the present study was to further develop the concept of applying oppositely charged polypeptides in the prevention

Electric field (EF) induced quenching of the fluorescence of large (ca. 10(3) monomers) single chains of MEH-PPV was observed. Directly after application of the field most of the individual MEH-PPV chains were either unaffected by the field or completely quenched by it, while the number of affected molecules increased with the strength of the EF Moreover, application of the field induced fluoresce

In a randomized study of 100 patients having displaced femoral neck fractures (Garden types 34), we compared internal fixation using 2 von Bahr screws (n = 53) with a bipolar Variokopf prosthesis (n = 47). The duration of surgery was shorter and the blood loss was less in the group with screws. Dislocation of the prosthesis occurred in 7/47 patients, all within 4 months. After a minimum follow-up

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Low BMD is correlated to increased fracture risk. There are no studies on fracture risk in GHD patients on GH therapy and no studies on BMD in adults with childhood onset (CO) craniopharyngioma (CP) on GH therapy. We have shown a doubled fracture incidence in CO GHD women and decreased incidence of fractures i

We studied mutation kinetics in ten relapsing and four non-relapsing patients with acute myeloid leukemia by whole exome sequencing at diagnosis to identify leukemia-specific mutations and monitored selected mutations at multiple time-points using IBSAFE droplet digital PCR. Five to nine selected mutations could identify and track leukemic clones prior to clinical relapse in 10/10 patients at the

Purpose: Since 2006, higher education institutions (HEIs) in Sweden, should according to the Higher Education Act, promote sustainable development (SD). In 2016, the Swedish Government asked the Swedish higher education authority to evaluate how this study is proceeding. The authority chose to focus on education. This paper aims to produce a report on this evaluation. Design/methodology/approach:

Background: Recent reports suggest that the negative association between diabetes mellitus and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) may be driven by metformin, the world's most common antidiabetic drug rather than diabetes per se. We sought to investigate the association among AAA growth rate, chemokine profile, and metformin prescription in a contemporary Swedish cohort. Methods: Patients under survei

Introduction: The ideal body position during surfactant nebulization is not known. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether body positioning during surfactant nebulization influences surfactant distribution and deposition in the lungs. Methods: Twenty-four 12- to 36-h-old full-termpiglets (1.3-2.2 kg) on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) were randomized into four g