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Purpose: Recently, there has been a growing interest in operating medical linear accelerators without a flattening filter Due to reduced scatter, leaf transmission and radiation head leakage a reduction of out-of-field dose is expected for flattening filter free beams. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of unflattened beams on peripheral dose for advanced treatment techniques
Temperature measurements in trunks and branches in a mature ca. 100 years-old mixed pine and spruce forest in central Sweden were used to estimate the heat storage in the tree biomass. The estimated heat flux in the sample trees and data on biomass distributions were used to scale up to stand level biomass heat fluxes. The rate of change of sensible and latent heat storage in the air layer below t
Gastrointestinal symptoms have a major impact on the quality of life and are becoming more prevalent in the western population. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is pivotal in regulating gastrointestinal functions. Purinergic neurotransmission conveys a range of short and long-term cellular effects. This study investigated the role of the ADP-sensitive P2Y13 receptor in lipid-induced enteric neurop
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the most important consequences of diabetes medication, as measured by the patients' willingness to pay (WTP). Research design and methods: People in Sweden were recruited using existing nationwide e-mail panels if they were adults (>= 18 years) with type 2 diabetes and were receiving pharmacological anti-diabetes treatment(s). Data were collected electr
EURO-CORDEX is an international climate downscaling initiative that aims to provide high-resolution climate scenarios for Europe. Here an evaluation of the ERA-Interim-driven EURO-CORDEX regional climate model (RCM) ensemble is presented. The study documents the performance of the individual models in representing the basic spatiotemporal patterns of the European climate for the period 1989-2008.
Background. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease where thickening of the skin can lead to reduced body function and limitations in activities. Severe forms can also affect and seriously damage inner organs. Patient-centred rehabilitation emphasises considerations of patients' background, experience and behavior which highlights the need to know if patient-reported outcome measures (PR
Fault detection systems come in a variety of formats and are used in many different types of machines and industries. They can be used to perform fast and accurate detection, classification and analysis. The need for user interaction can be decreased and by that the general level of automation can be increased. This project has been conducted together with B\&R Automation and Imogo. B&R
Ichthyosaurierna (fisködlorna) är en grupp marina reptiler som levde under mesozoikum. De är alla inkluderade i överordningen Ichthyopterygia som består av minst 36 släkten och 80 arter. De tidigaste formerna förekommer i sediment avsatta under etagen olenek i äldre trias (dvs. för ca 250 miljoner år sedan), och de sista fisködlorna dog ut under cenoman i slutet av krita, (dvs. för ca 90 miljoner Ichthyosaurs (‘fish lizards’) are a group of marine reptiles that lived during the Mesozoic Era. They are all included in the superorder Ichthyopterygia, which consists of at least 36 genera and 80 species. The earliest ichthyosaurs occur in sediments deposited during the Olenekian in the Early Triassic (about 250 million years ago), and the last forms became extinct during the Cenoman in the Late
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have acquired greater relevance as tools to support decision-making processes, and during the last decades they have been used in conjunction with Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis techniques (GIS-MCDA) to solve real-world spatial problems. GIS-MCDA can be generally divided in Multi-Attribute and Multi-Objective techniques. Until now most of the applications of
This thesis investigates the feasibility of integrating Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) in to chemical treatment in combination with disc filtration of tertiary wastewater. Jar and tube tests have been performed, where the suspension was filtered through a 10 μm disc filter from Hydrotech Veolia Water Technologies. The effluent has been analyzed for total phosphorus (TP), total suspended solids (T
This thesis investigates the feasibility of integrating Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) in to chemical treatment in combination with disc filtration of tertiary wastewater. Jar and tube tests have been performed, where the suspension was filtered through a 10 μm disc filter from Hydrotech Veolia Water Technologies. The effluent has been analyzed for total phosphorus (TP), total suspended solids (T
Med en förväntad fortsatt höjning av havsvattennivån och med en exploatering av kustområden, finns ett behov av att undersöka effekterna av kustöversvämning under storm i kombination av förhöjd havsnivå. Detta för att höja kunskaperna inom detta område inför framtida utmaningar, även om denna kombination ej är vanligt förekommande på den skånska östkusten för närvarande. Den här studien använder dWith an expected continuation of a sea level rise in the era of climate change and with an exploitation of our coastal areas, there is a need to examine the impact of coastal flooding during a storm event with high sea level, to increase our knowledge for the future. Even if an event with this combination is unusual for the Scanian coastline along the Baltic sea, the impact can be severe. This stu
Global biodiversity is heavily damaged by human interventions. There are multiple drivers for human-caused biodiversity loss; however, land use linked to agricultural production is the leading one. In response to this major threat, the interest in and importance of assessing the potential biodiversity impacts, particularly those related to land use, have grown significantly. Especially within fram
Betsockerprocessen är en energiintensiv process där ångdriven indunstning används för att avlägsna stora mängder vatten från den upprenade tunnsaften, som innehåller det från betorna extraherade sockret. I takt med industrins önskade fokus på energieffektivisering har membranteknologier för förkoncentrering av tunnsaften fått ett ökat intresse. Trots lovande resultat i ett begränsat antal försök åThe beet sugar process is an energy intensive process relying on steam evaporation to remove large amounts of water from the purified thin juice containing the sugar extracted from the beets. As the industry seeks greater energy efficiency, membrane technology for pre-concentration of thin juice has attracted interest. Limited trials have shown promise but fouling, sugar losses or high osmotic pre
Fåmansföretagsreglerna i 57 kap. inkomstskattelagen (1999:1229) innehåller särregler för hur ersättning till aktiva ägare i fåmansföretag ska delas upp mellan avkastning på investerat kapital och ersättning för utfört arbete. Reg-lernas primära syfte är att förhindra inkomstomvandling för att på så sätt uppnå en neutral beskattning av skattskyldiga. Utdelning och kapitalvinst upp till ett visst beThe close company rules in Chapter 57 of the Swedish Income Tax Act (1999:1229) contain special provisions on how monetary compensation to active owners in close companies is to be divided between return on invest-ed capital and remuneration for performed work. The primary purpose of these rules is to prevent income conversion, and thereby achieving neutral taxation of taxpayers. Dividends and cap
