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The Prevalence of Itch in German Schoolchildren : A Population-based Study

Itch is a common symptom, but there is limited evidence on the prevalence of itch in children. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of itch in schoolchildren. A questionnaire was developed by experts in the field and based on a literature search. The questionnaire was applied in a pilot study of 25 consecutively selected paediatric patients and their parents. It confirmed the high co

Passenger flows and dwell times for commuter trains in Stockholm

This study investigates how the volume and flow of passengers affect dwell times, usingdata from commuter trains in Stockholm. We show that dwell times often take longer thanscheduled and that most station stops involve rather limited numbers of passengers.Improving the performance at these stops with small volumes can thus have a sizeableimpact on the overall on-time performance. We find a quadraThis study investigates how the volume and flow of passengers affect dwell times, using data from commuter trains in Stockholm. We show that dwell times often take longer than scheduled and that most station stops involve rather limited numbers of passengers. Improving the performance at these stops with small volumes can thus have a sizeable impact on the overall on-time performance. We find a qu

Biomass residues as resources : An expanded life-cycle perspective

Biomass residues have been identified as potentially promising resources for production of bio-based products and fuels with low climate impacts. Unlike primary biomass such as crops, using residual biomass may avoid issues such as competition over land for food and feed production. To assess the climate impacts of products made from residual biomass, a life cycle assessment (LCA) may be used, but

Improving inorganic composition and ash fusion behavior of spruce bark by leaching with water, acetic acid, and steam pre-treatment condensate

The present study evaluates the effect of water and acetic acid washing on the chemical composition of spruce bark in-depth. Also, washing with steam explosion condensate (SEC) was investigated which is a novel attempt. The leaching kinetics of troubling elements (TE) was studied to understand the leaching behavior of TEs and for upscaling the process. Furthermore, to study the ash transformation

Internal markets and health care efficiency : A multiple-output stochastic frontier analysis

This paper has two purposes. The first purpose is methodological and aims to extend previous work on efficiency analysis by implementing a multiple-output stochastic ray frontier production function model. This model generalizes the single-output stochastic frontier model to multiple-input, multiple-output technologies and allows simultaneous estimation of technical efficiency and analysis of infl

Measurement of the gluon fragmentation function and a comparison of the scaling violation in gluon and quark jets

The fragmentation functions of quarks and gluons are measured in various three-jet topologies in Z decays from the full data set collected with the DELPHI detector at the Z resonance between 1992 and 995. The results at different values of transverse momentum-like scales are compared. A parameterization of the quark and gluon fragmentation functions at a fixed reference scale is given. The quark a

Search for a heavy Higgs boson decaying into a Z boson and another heavy Higgs boson in the ℓℓbb final state in pp collisions at √s= 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for a heavy neutral Higgs boson, A, decaying into a Z boson and another heavy Higgs boson, H, is performed using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1 from proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV recorded in 2015 and 2016 by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The search considers the Z boson decaying to electrons or muons and the H boson into a pa

Understanding InP Nanowire Array Solar Cell Performance by Nanoprobe-Enabled Single Nanowire Measurements

III-V solar cells in the nanowire geometry might hold significant synthesis-cost and device-design advantages as compared to thin films and have shown impressive performance improvements in recent years. To continue this development there is a need for characterization techniques giving quick and reliable feedback for growth development. Further, characterization techniques which can improve under

Ab initio multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculations of the in and Tl electron affinities and their isotope shifts

We report multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock and relativistic configuration interaction calculations on the thallium (Tl) electron affinity, as well as on the excited energy levels arising from the ground configuration of Tl-. The results are compared with the available experimental values and further validated by extending the study to its homologous, lighter element, indium (In), belonging to

Towards Declarative Specification of Static Analysis for Programming Tools

Static program analysis plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality and security of software applications by detecting bugs and potential vulnerabilities in the code. Traditionally, these analyses are performed offline, either as part of the continuous integration/continuous deployment pipeline or overnight on the entire repository. However, this delayed feedback disrupts developer productivity,

Cancers in the first-degree relatives of children with brain tumours

We used the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database with 2060 childhood brain tumours diagnosed in the period 1958-1996 to analyse the risk of this tumour by parental cancers and in siblings of childhood brain tumour probands. Groups of patients were compared by calculating standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for brain tumours in offspring. 1.3% of brain tumour patients had a parent with nervou

Comorbidity of Airway Inflammatory Diseases in Chemical and Building-Related Intolerance

Objectives: This study investigated comorbidity in chemical intolerance (CI) and building-related intolerance (BRI) with (i) chronic sinusitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, allergic and nonallergic asthma and allergic rhinitis, and (ii) airway inflammatory symptoms. Methods: Data from two population-based questionnaire surveys, the Västerbotten and Österbotten Environmental Health Studie

Fourier analysis of cerebrospinal fluid flow velocities : MR imaging study

An interleaved pseudocinematographic FLASH (fast low-angle shot) sequence with additional pulsed gradients for flow encoding was used to quantify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow velocities and CSF production. Flow-dependent phase information was obtained by subtracting two differently encoded phase images. The phase information in the resultant image was converted to flow velocity with a calibratio

Flexion-extension strength of the index-thumb system in Italian population. A cross-sectional study to gather normative data

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.INTRODUCTION: Flexion (Palmar Pinch, PP-MVC and Tip Pinch, TP-MVC) and extension (E-MVC) maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the index-thumb system offers a quick way to estimate the level of hands' impairment in several musculoskeletal and neurologic conditions.PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: This study established normative data of PP-MVC, TP-MVC, E-MVC in the Italia

Estimation of the effective doses from typical fluoroscopic examinations with barium contrast

The current study aimed to estimate the effective doses and conversion coefficients (CCs) for typical barium swallow (BS), barium meal (BM) and barium enema (BE) protocols and to evaluate the impact of different examination parameters on the resulting CCs. Data were collected in surgical and therapy departments in St. Petersburg Urban Mariinsky Hospital. Computational models were developed using P

Isolation of Highly Purified, Intact, and Functional Mitochondria from Potato Tubers Using a Two-in-One Percoll Density Gradient

The isolation of mitochondria from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) is described, but the methodology can easily be adapted to other storage tissues. After homogenization of the tissue, filtration and differential centrifugation, the key step is a Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The Percoll gradient contains two parts: a bottom part containing Percoll in 0.3 M sucrose, and a slightly

Association of the haptoglobin phenotype (1-1) with falciparum malaria in Sudan

The haptoglobin phenotypes of Sudanese patients with complicated and uncomplicated falciparum malaria, and those of uninfected randomly selected individuals, were determined by electrophoresis of sera on polyacrylamide gels followed by benzidine staining of the gels. Among 273 malaria patients, the proportions with haptoglobin phenotypes (1-1), (2-1) and (2-2) were 60.8%, 29.7% and 9.5%, respectiv