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Background: Family risks for urinary tract cancers (excluding kidney cancers) are known, but less is known about whether rare urinary tract cancer subtypes are also familial and if urinary tract cancers share familial risk for other (discordant) cancers. Objective: To investigate the impact of family history on urinary tract cancers (International Classification of Diseases version 7 code 181) and
Study region: Rukarara River Watershed (RRW), Rwanda. Study focus: DOC leaching has important environmental consequences for both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. This paper measures leached dissolved organic carbon (LDOC) and the factors controlling its variation in the RRW, a mixed agriculture and forest watershed in Rwanda. The study describes the relationship of LDOC with land use/land cove
INTRODUCTION: The influence of vaccination on composition of the human microbiome at distinct sites has been recognized as an essential component in the development of new vaccine strategies. The HPV vaccine is widely used to prevent cervical cancer; however, the influence of HPV vaccine on the vaginal microbiota has not been previously investigated. In his study, we performed an initial character
Prostate cancer bone metastasis is still not fully understood, and increased knowledge could aid in the development of better treatment options for patients in the future. This thesis focuses on microRNAs (miRNAs), which modulate gene expression in healthy and tumour cells. Using cell culture, animal and patient studies, we investigated the biological role of microRNA-96 (miR-96) and microRNA-379
Importance: Meningioma is the most common subsequent neoplasm following cranial irradiation among survivors of childhood cancer, but there are still uncertainties regarding the magnitude of the radiation dose-response association, potential modifiers of radiation risks, and the role of chemotherapy. Objective: To evaluate meningioma risk in survivors of childhood cancer following radiotherapy and
Purpose: Tru-cut biopsy is a minimally invasive technique used to obtain tissue samples for the diagnosis of tumors, especially in patients where primary surgery is not indicated. The aim of this study was to assess the adequacy, accuracy and safety of the tru-cut biopsy for diagnosis in gynecological cancer.Methods: A retrospective population-based review of 328 biopsies was conducted. The indica
The effect of pH on the kinetics of the bioelectrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 catalysed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been studied at –50 mV vs. AgjAgCl on HRP-modified Au electrodes placed in a wall-jet flow-through electrochemical cell. Native HRP (nHRP) and a nonglycosylated recombinant form containing a six-histidine tag at the C-terminus, CHisrHRP, produced by genetic engineering of non
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate if a general school-based exercise intervention programme in pre-pubertal boys would render site-specific benefits in bone mineral accrual and gain in femoral neck structure. Methods: Eighty boys aged 7-9 years were included in a curriculum-based exercise intervention programme comprising 40 min of general physical activity per school day (200 min/week) f
Nature-based solutions (NBS) focus on the material functioning of ecosystems as part of a transformative response to societal challenges. NBS represent a growing response to climate change with a range of interventions emerging across the world to address the causes and effects of climate change. The adoption of NBS is claimed to address a range of Sustainable Development Goals, including empowerm
We know now that discs of gas and dust, so-called protoplanetary discs, form planets as side-products of the naturally occurring star formation process throughout the Milky Way. Young, growing planets in such discs are commonly referred to as protoplanets. In about 10\% of the so-far observed stars, this planet formation process leads to the occurrence of giant planets, such as Saturn, Jupiter, or
Antibodies and avidity maturation contribute to long-lasting immunity, and previous COVID-19 seems to enhance the immune response after vaccination. The aim of this study was to compare the immune response after vaccination between COVID-19 convalescents and naïve patients. Blood samples from COVID-19 convalescents and naïve patients, taken 1, 3 and 6 months after the second dose of vaccine (mRNA-
The 4MOST consortium is currently halfway through a Conceptual Design study for ESO with the aim to develop a wide-field (>3 square degree, goal >5 square degree), high-multiplex (>1500 fibres, goal 3000 fibres) spectroscopic survey facility for an ESO 4m-class telescope (VISTA). 4MOST will run permanently on the telescope to perform a 5 year public survey yielding more than 20 million spectra at
BACKGROUND: Transportation noise has been linked with cardiometabolic outcomes, yet whether it is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) remains inconclusive. We aimed to assess whether transportation noise was associated with AF in a large, pooled Nordic cohort.METHODS: We pooled data from 11 Nordic cohorts, totaling 161,115 participants. Based on address history from five years before baseli
Introduction: High-inflammation subgroups of patients with psychosis demonstrate cognitive deficits and neuroanatomical alterations. Systemic inflammation assessed using IL-6 and C-reactive protein may alter functional connectivity within and between resting-state networks, but the cognitive and clinical implications of these alterations remain unknown. We aim to determine the relationships of ele
Background: Adverse events induced by intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to treat high-grade non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) often lead to treatment discontinuation. The EAU-RF NIMBUS trial found a reduced number of standard-dose BCG instillations to be inferior with the standard regimen. Nonetheless, it remains important to evaluate whether patients in the reduced BCG treatmen
Wetlands play a critical role in the global water cycle and ecological health. However, understanding and accurately parameterizing water and heat exchanges in these areas is challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of wetland surfaces. This study extends the maximum entropy production (MEP) model to simulate wetland evapotranspiration (ET) by integrating NDVI dynamics, water evaporation, and p
Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur samhällets stigmatisering påverkar drogbrukare i kontakten med vården och i deras personliga relationer. Studien undersöker hur drogbrukare rättfärdigar och motiverar sitt drogbruk i relation till den stigmatiserade bilden från samhället. Studien har tagit avstamp ur perspektivet stigmatisering och neutraliseringstekniker. Utformningen av narkotikapolitiken
The critically endangered Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) has, due to previous hunting and habitat loss, diminished to a few non-viable and fragmented populations. Despite a relatively large amount of conservation efforts during the last 30 years, numbers are still declining. Accurate numbers today are unknown, since the species is rare. Information indicates that less than 100 indi
Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att undersöka huruvida det kan utgöra en kränkning av de mänskliga rättigheterna i Europakonventionen när stater inte lever upp till sina klimatåtaganden och inte gör tillräckligt för att motverka klimatförändringarna. Uppsatsen inleds med en allmän överblick av klimatförändringarna och dess konsekvenser i förhållande till mänskliga rättigheter samt en genomgång av dThe purpose of this thesis has been to examine whether it can constitute a violation of the human rights protected by the European Convention on Human Rights when states do not do their part to counteract climate change. The essay starts off with a general overview of climate change and its consequences in relation to human rights, as well as a review of the two most central climate agreements, th
