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In the last decade, there has been a substantial shift from actively managed funds to funds with passive investment strategies. This shift was also observed by Shleifer (1986), who identified that passive investment funds began to significantly increase their ownership of the S&P 500 in the period between 1975 and 1983. As the ownership of the stock market increased as the number of index fund
Vattenkraften utgör ungefär 45 % av Sveriges elproduktion och har varit en stabil energikälla med lågt koldioxidutsläpp under lång tid. Med ett allt större inslag av intermittenta energislag i elsystemet, fyller vattenkraften också en viktig funktion med sin reglerförmåga för balansering. Trots sina fördelar som en lagringsbar energikälla är det tydligt att vattenkraften har negativa effekter på SHydropower stands for around 45 % of Sweden’s electricity production and has been a stable energy source with low carbon emissions for a long time. With increasing share of intermittent energy sources in the electricity system, hydropower also plays a crucial role in balancing the grid. Despite its advantages as a storable energy source, it is clear that hydropower has negative effects on Sweden’s
Does treating high blood pressure improve neurodegeneration High blood pressure, also called hypertension could damage the brain. Our research tries to understand how lowering blood pressure affects the hypertensive brain. Hypertension is the disease that people have abnormally high blood pressure. Nowadays, 1 in 5 people worldwide have hypertension, accounting for 1.13 billion people. This cause
Genetic engineering of molds to produce new pharmaceutical compounds In this master’s thesis project, I investigated natural chemicals produced by fungi which are interesting for the pharmaceutical industry. Fungi are a very large family of organisms that we are still working to understand, and we continue to discover many new species every year. Living by growing on food sources and secreting en
Olovligt tillgängliggörande av upphovsrättsligt skyddat material genom fildelning är ett av vår tids mest debatterade ämnen. Teknikens utveckling har gjort det möjligt för enskilda personer att snabbt och kostnadsfritt tillgodogöra sig perfekta kopior av musik och film. Detta resulterar i att kompensation uteblir för upphovsmän och deras rättighetshavare. På grund av anonymiteten på internet är deIllegitimate communication of copyrighted material to the public through file sharing is one of the most debated subjects of our time. The development of technology has made it possible for individual people to quickly and free of charge assimilate music and movies in perfect condition without any compensation being paid to the creators or other rights holders. As a result of the anonymity the int
I oktober 2011 presenterade Europeiska kommissionen förslag till en ny gemensam europeisk köplag, Common European Sales Law (CESL). Lagen är tänkt att frivilligt kunna användas av konsumenter och mindre näringsidkare när de handlar över nationsgränserna. Målsättningen med CESL är att reglera de flesta tänkbara situationer som kan uppkomma vid ett internationellt köp samt innehålla alla nödvändiga In October 2011, the Commission presented a proposal for a Common European Sales Law (CESL), an optional regulatory framework available to both consumers and professional traders within the EU. The objective of the proposal is to facilitate engagement in cross-border commerce for consumers and small traders. All provisions relevant for an international transaction are included, as well as a comple
Villa homes are designed to be able to tackle many injured leading factors. Today's villa homes are planned and projected by many years of experience in villa construction. No matter how well you planned the project planning and execute it, an injury can occur. Moisture and water damage can occur from a variety of factors, both from the outer- and inner factors. The external factors may be in
Current market trends for industrial automation are the need for customizable production, shorter time to market, and powerful global competitive pressure. Based on these trends two challenges have been identified: 1) flexible production systems and 2) integration and utilization of devices and software. Applications from both process automation, manufacturing, and robotics have been considered.
Problem area Alfa Laval is a world leading company in the heat transfers area and have the vision to continue to be that in the future as well. The company has a lot of press lines where the utilization is high and also has started to become old. Prognosis shows that there is an increased demand of heat exchanger in the future. This increased demand is not something that existing lines will manag
Den tekniska utvecklingen och globaliseringen har i grunden förändrat hur personuppgifter samlas in, sprids, används och överförs. Det som var aktuellt under början och mitten av 90-talet är idag förpassat till historien. Nya sätt att sprida stora mängder information genom sociala nätverk och så kallade molntjänster tillhör idag vardagen för många av Europas 250 miljoner internetanvändare . SamtidRapid technological developments and globalization have profoundly changed the way personal information is collected, spread, used and transferred. What was relevant during the early and mid 90's is now history. New ways to disseminate large amounts of information through social networks and so-called cloud services or cloud computing is today part of modern life for many of Europe's 250 m
Today there are various load bearing systems to choose from, concrete, steel, timber, or a combination of these. What determines the choice is usually the economy, which depends on the solutions in the different load bearing systems that will be made. Many of these choices are made based on previous projects and previous experience but do not always lead to the optimal solution. It is important to
Lagstiftningen på diskrimineringsområdet har utvecklats mycket sedan mitten av 1900-talet. Idag finns såväl internationella konventioner som regionala och nationella bestämmelser vars syfte är att motverka diskriminering inom olika samhällsområden. Den svenska nationella rätten har i stor utsträckning påverkats av EU-rätten och dess utformning. I Sverige finns idag ett skydd mot diskriminering på Legislation in the field of discrimination has developed a lot over the past decades. Today, there are international and regional conventions as well as national legislation aimed at combating discrimination in various fields of the society. EU law and its design have largely influenced Swedish law. In Sweden today, the grounds on which discrimination is forbidden are sex, gender identity or expre
The criticism towards agricultural use of sewage sludge tends to occur in ten year cycles; the debate has begun once more. The aim of this study is to evaluate current policy for agricultural use of sewage sludge, by investigating how pollutants within the sludge are affected. Two types of substances; a heavy metal (cadmium) and an organic substance(nonylphenol), are used to illustrate possible st
This thesis was done in collaboration with the department of Food Technology at LTH, Aventure AB, and Arwa Foodtech AB. The aim of the project was to develop the base for a baobab based, spoonable protein snack, comparable to quarg but free from ingredients of animal origin. At the time of writing, one of the biggest if not the biggest trend in the food industry is the replacement of animal-source
Popular Abstract in Swedish Den tilltagande växthuseffekten förväntas innebära en global vattenståndshöjning samt klimatförändringar. En sådan utveckling är ogynnsam för låglänta sandkuster som de runt Falsterbohalvön. I denna avhandling diskuteras framtida höga vattenstånd tilsammans med tänkbara konsekvenser för Falsterbohalvön. Dessutom har kustnära vågor och sandtransport samt grundvattennivåeFalsterbo Peninsula in the south-west corner of Sweden is low-lying and built up of unconsolidated sand. Vulnerability to high water levels and wave action is of concern for the 10,000 residents of the peninsula, especially in consideration of global warming as enhanced inundation and coastal erosion problems may ensue. Rational counteractions of such problems are possible only through sufficient
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vatten- och läskflaskor av polyetylentereftalat, PET, kan både återanvändas (återfyllbara flaskor) och/eller återvinnas. Vid återvinning kan materialet användas för tillverkning av nya flaskor, sk closed-loop recycling. I både återfyllbara flaskor och flaskor som innehåller återvunnet material kan det förekomma ämnen som tidigare trängt in i plasten. Dessa kan antingen The reuse and closed-loop recycling of food packaging was studied in order to assess consumer safety and the sensory quality (e.g. taste and smell) of packaged food. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) beverage bottles that were refillable or that contained recycled material, either in direct contact or with a functional barrier protecting the food, were investigated with focus on odorous compounds f
Optical diagnostics are remote non-intrusive sensing techniques. The thesis work concerns the use of OH and soot optical diagnostics for combustion research.Internal combustion (IC) engines are widely used for the generation of power and for transportation purposes. Soot emission, involving carbon particles that emanate from the combustion process, is one of major sources of pollutants in engine e
OBJECTIVE: To compare consultations carried out via video with those performed in person for patients with painful, hard-to-heal ulcers, with a focus on ulcer pain and pain treatment. A further aim was to investigate predictors for pain and pain treatment.METHOD: This was a register-based, quasi-experimental study based on data from the Swedish Registry of Ulcer Treatment (RUT). A total of 100 pat
Popular Abstract in Swedish Snabba fenomen, som inträffar efter laserexcitation, har studerats med tidsupplöst röntgendiffraktion (TXRD). I de flesta experimenten har en ljuspuls från en femtosekundlaser använts för att excitera provet, och dynamiken har undersökts med röntgenljus. Tidsupplösta röntgendiffraktionsmätningar har utförts för att studera fasta halvledarmaterial, vätskor, ferro-elektriFast phenomena occurring after laser excitation were studied using time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TXRD). In most experiments, a femtosecond laser pulse was used to excite the sample, and X-rays were used as a probe. The X-ray diffraction technique was used to study bulk semiconductor samples, molten liquids, ferro-electric domain switching in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP), and strain prop
