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Flerstegsklausuler anger att avtalsparter ska lösa tvister i olika steg. Fler-stegsklausulens försteg kan exempelvis ange att parterna i första hand ska lösa tvister genom medling. Klausulen avslutas alltid med ett slutsteg som föreskriver att parterna antingen får lösa tvister genom allmän domstol eller skiljeförfarande. Denna uppsats undersöker om civilrättsliga påföljder kan aktualiseras om en Multi-tiered clauses state that the parties shall resolve disputes in certain steps. For example, the first step of the multi-tiered clause may state that the parties should first resolve disputes through mediation. The last step of the clause always stipulates that the parties may either resolve disputes through general court or arbitration. This essay examines whether civil law sanctions can be

Estimating 3D hand poses from RGB images is a challenging task. In this work we construct efficient neural networks to regress sparse 3D skeletons consisting of 21 keypoints in the hand. Additionally heatmaps are regressed to locate the keypoints in 2D. The networks created can be divided into three parts: feature extraction, heatmap regression and 3D pose regression. To obtain the 3D coordinates

Heterogeneous team collaboration is a fundamental component of Disaster Risk Management (DRM). However, DRM teams face complex-dynamic situations characterised by high disruptions, distributed locations and other factors, which create persistent problems for team collaboration. In these contexts, even the smallest improvement to our understanding has the potential to yield enormous benefits to DRM

Global risks from disasters are increasing, and with more urbanization more resources are now spent on planning and preventive actions. This has led to increased interest in working with the concept of resilience. The concept has now been adopted by different organizations to launch initiatives and campaigns to increase the resilience of cities and societies. The purpose of this thesis was to acco

Denna studie syftar till att bidra med kunskap kring hur organisationer som blir måltavla för kritik från en stark social movement kan använda kriskommunikation för att minimera skadan på sitt rykte, då ett minskat förtroende från intressenterna kan få allvarliga konsekvenser för organisationens förmåga att uppnå sina övergripande mål. Studien baserades på en kvalitativ fallstudie utifrån ett flerThis study aims to contribute with knowledge of how organizations that are criticized by a strong social movement can use crisis communication in order to minimize reputational damage. Reduced stakeholder trust can have serious consequences for the organization's ability to achieve its overall goals. The study was based on a qualitative case study with a multivocal approach on an organizationa

Under många år av studier inom musik har jag som sångare upplevt att jag sällan får samma konkreta feedback som andra instrumentalister i ensemblesammanhang. Många sångare med liknande erfarenheter verkar ha upplevt samma sak. Flera studiekamrater vid Musikhögskolans lärarutbildning anser även att det finns en utbredd problematik i bristen på undervisning i hur man som framtida lärare bör ge feedb

Halvledarindustrin har en form av immaterialrätter avsedd särskilt för dem: Kretsmönsterrätter. Dessa introducerades i USA 1984 i syfte att skydda den amerikanska halvledarindustrin från konkurrens från östra Asien, huvudsakligen Japan. Den ersatte principen om nationell behandling med den materiella ömsesidighetsprincipen, som är normen inom immaterialrätt. Detta tillät USA att tvinga andra ländeThe semiconductor industry has a sui generis IP type dedicated to it: the semiconductor topography right. This right was introduced in 1984 with the purpose of protecting the U.S. semiconductor industry from East Asian, mainly Japanese, competition. It replaced the principle of treatment on a national basis that is the norm in IP law with one of material reciprocity, which allowed the U.S. to stro

There are many systems which can be represented as graphs, to say the least the networks in which we communicate with each other. Thorough understanding of graph structures enables better predictions of the dynamics in real life networks, such as the spreading of a disease in a community or failure propagation in a system. This thesis investigates information propagation over connected undirected

Education is known to be the most prominent factor of social mobility, meanwhile, in Nigeria, the system fuels school dropouts. Thus, this thesis analyses the structures, norms and behavior behind policies and practices of education in Nigeria, and how they may affect Hausa children’s social mobility. Social, economic, and cultural norms and practices play a critical role in Hausa children’s educa

Den aktuella studien ämnade undersöka huruvida kvinnor i Sverige som varit i en intim våldsam partnerrelation (IPV) uppnådde posttraumatic growth (PTG) samt om uppnåendet och nivån av PTG skiljde sig mellan kvinnor som fått formell hjälp och kvinnor som inte fått formell hjälp. Studien undersökte även om det fanns en skillnad i nivå av PTG beroende på vilken typ av formell hjälp som kvinnorna fåttThe current study aimed to examine whether women in Sweden who had been in an intimate partner violence (IPV) relationship reached posttraumatic growth (PTG), and if the frequency and level of reaching PTG differed for women who had received formal help compared to women who had not received formal help. The study also examined whether there was a difference in level of PTG depending on which type

This study aims to examine the attitudes regarding cannabis among Swedish and international students at Lund University. The study has used semi structured interviews to collect data, in order to answer the questions. The collected data have been analyzed using Ellickson’s social control theory as well as the theory about legal consciousness developed by Ewick and Silbey. The results show that S

This thesis aims to analyse the relationships between key stakeholders in the process of developing and implementing an urban strategy using the example of the Sustainable Urban Development Strategy of the City of Saint Petersburg. This thesis is based on theories related to involving public participation in the planning and implementation of the city strategy and the options and perspectives of p

To the ensure continuity and protection of critical infrastructures in society, it is necessary to study infrastructure dependencies. This thesis focuses on critical infrastructure dependencies in Sweden and aims to increase the knowledge of how municipalities in Sweden analyze critical dependencies in municipal risk and vulnerability analyses (RVAs). The study adopts a framework of risk governanc

Allas likhet inför lagen har i det svenska rättssystemet en central och avgörande roll, men är alla verkligen lika inför lagen? Ett ämne som i anslutning till frågan diskuteras inom de flesta delarna av juridiken, och inom andra ämnen för den delen, är kön och genus. Den svenska sexualbrottslagstiftningen är vid första anblick könsneutral, men hur ligger det till med förarbeten? Vad sker när domA central and crucial part of the Swedish legal system is the principle of everybody’s equality before the law, but is it really true that everybody is equal before the law? A subject frequently discussed, both within most parts of our legal system and within other areas, is sex and gender, which is a fundamental part of the principle of everybody’s equality before the law. The Swedish sexual cri

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur värdmoderskapsprocessen framställs i media för att få en ökad förståelse för vilka ideal och utmaningar som konstrueras i relation till de tilltänkta föräldrarnas perspektiv. 19 artiklar från olika dagspress tidningar utgör studiens empiri och handlar om de tilltänkta föräldrarnas beskrivningar av hur det är ett genomgå värdmoderskaps- processen. Artiklarna The aim of this study was to examine how media in Sweden presents the surrogacy process with the purpose of enhancing knowledge of what ideals and challenges are framed through the intended parents perspective. The empirical material of this study consist of 19 articles that depict the intended parents stories of having been through the surrogacy process, which have been collected from different S

This thesis extends Chinn & Kucko`s (2015) article which examines if a country's yield curve can predict its economic growth. The results show that Sweden's yield curve is not a particularly good predictor of the Swedish industrial production growth. In order to develop the article, the purpose of this thesis is to determine if the German and US yield curves can be used in order to pre

In this thesis model predictive control (MPC) is used to dynamically optimize a portfolio where the data is sampled every 5 minutes. Previous research has shown how MPC optimization applied to daily sampled financial data can generate a portfolio that exceeds the value of standard portfolio strategies such as Strategic asset allocation. MPC has been found to have a computational advantage when ret

Georg Pauli belonged to a group of artists known as the Opponents, due to their opposition of the way art education, exhibitions, and allocation of grants was managed by the The Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts (Kungliga Akademien för de fria konsterna). Their oppositional work resulted in the formation of the Arts Association (Konst¬närs¬förbundet) in 1886. In a series of books and articles, in