Filtyp
Many flying animals use both flapping and gliding flight as part of their routine behaviour. These two kinematic patterns impose conflicting requirements on wing design for aerodynamic efficiency and, in the absence of extreme morphing, wings cannot be optimised for both flight modes. In gliding flight, the wing experiences uniform incident flow and the optimal shape is a high aspect ratio wing wi
Background: The clinical and demographic variables defining the heterogeneity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are unclear. A post-hoc analysis of five randomised studies in patients with a history of previous exacerbations examined the clinical and demographic characteristics describing moderate-to-very-severe COPD. Methods: Factor analysis was performed on all continuous baseline
Based on sequence and phylogenetic analyses, glycoside hydrolase (GH) 3 can be divided into several clusters that differ in the length of their primary sequences. However, structural data on representatives of GH3 are still scarce, since only three of their structures are known and only one of them has been thoroughly characterized-that of an exohydrolase from barley. To allow a deeper structural
Methods were developed for post-detection and early-warning of defoliation in Scots pine [Pinus silvestris] forests in south-eastern Norway caused by the pine sawfly [Neodiprion sertifer] with the use of multi-temporal MODIS NDVI 16-day composite data. The post-detection method utilizes summer mean values and seasonal angle (showing whether values have increased or decreased during the season) to
Internprissättningen spelar en allt större roll för multinationella företagsgrupper. EU-domstolen meddelade i början av 2010 dom i målet C-311/08 SGI i vilken de belgiska internprissättningsreglerna prövades. Domen har även betydelse för andra medlemsstater, och ett syfte med denna uppsats är att undersöka vilka implikationer domen har för motsvarande svenska regler. Internprissättningen bygger påTransfer pricing is becoming more and more important for multinational enterprises. In the beginning of 2010, the European Court of Justice passed an important judgment in case C-311/08 SGI in which the belgian transfer pricing rules were scrutinize, and the ruling should also be of importance to other member states. One purpose of this master thesis is to examine the implications this has on the
Before a processing unit is taken into production it is prepared with water instead of product, among other things it is sterilized this way. When this preparation phase is done, the water is pushed out with the product that is about to be processed. During this phase a mixed zone of water and product occurs. This mixed zone of water and product results in a cost for the producing company due to l
Freshwaters are important sources of the greenhouse gases methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. Knowledge about temporal variability in these fluxes is very limited, yet critical for proper study design and evaluating flux data. Further, to understand the reasons for the variability and allow predictive modeling, the temporal variability has to be related to relevant environmen
Genetic susceptibility accounts for similar to 35% of all colorectal cancer (CRC). Ten common low-risk variants contributing to CRC risk have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWASs). In our GWAS, 610 664 genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) passed the quality control filtering in 371 German familial CRC patients and 1263 controls, and replication studies were co
In order to better address the feedbacks between climate and wetland methane (CH4) emissions, we tested several mechanistic improvements to the wetland CH4 emission model Peatland-VU with a longer Arctic data set than any other model: (1) inclusion of an improved hydrological module, (2) incorporation of a gross primary productivity (GPP) module, and (3) a more realistic soil-freezing scheme. A lo
Migraine attacks occur spontaneously in those who suffer from the condition, but migraine-like attacks can also be induced artificially by a number of substances. Previously published evidence makes the meninges a likely source of migraine related pain. This article investigates the effect of several vasodilators on meningeal arteries in order to find a connection between the effect of a substance
Differences have been observed in the relationship between leptin and metabolic perturbations in glucose homeostasis. Because no information is available from indigenous African populations with diabetes, the purpose of this study was to investigate the possible associations between leptin and different clinical and biochemical characteristics of a large group of subjects with type 2 diabetes mell
Flow cytometric (FCM) DNA analysis yields information on ploidy status and the S-phase fraction (SPF), variables of prognostic importance in breast cancer. The clinical value of the SPF is currently being evaluated in prospective randomized trials. The widespread use of FCM DNA analysis emphasizes the importance of reproducibility (both intra- and interlaboratory). In this study, 67 nuclear suspen
Popular Abstract in Swedish Lokalbedövningsmedel ger en god smärtlindring efter centrala och perifera nervblockader. I många kliniska situationer hade det dock varit önskvärt med en längre duration av nervblockaden. De olika delarbetena i denna avhandling fokuserade på detta problem. Indianerna i Syd Amerika har länge känt till att om man tuggar bladen ifrån Erythroxylon Coca så upplev's en bedövLocal anaesthetics provide excellent pain relief after central and peripheral nerve blocks. However, in many clinical situations there is an insufficient duration of action to allow effective treatment of long-term pain with single injection techniques. This problem became the focus of the present studies. The natives in South America used to chew the leaves from Erythroxylon Coca and were well aw
During the latter part of the 19th century a large number of civilian wind bands, spread over a wide geographical area, developed in Sweden. The general section of this thesis describes the beginning of a transformation of the Swedish society into a more urbanized society. The new musical culture which arose among the people – the ”urban-popular” music culture – is brought into focus. The backgrou
Summary form only given. When designing symmetric ciphers, security and performance are of utmost importance. When selecting a symmetric encryption algorithm, the first choice is whether to choose a block cipher or a stream cipher. Most modern block ciphers offer a sufficient security and a reasonably good performance. But a block cipher must usually be used in a "stream cipher" mode of operation,
The theoretical findings of the thesis is composed of three parts, it consists of (i) a framework for social entrepreneurship, (ii) some pitfalls and success factors and (iii) a perspicuous design guide. These findings was a result of field research during a long time – more than 5 years, 2000-2005 – and the scientific purpose was to give a broad description and understanding of the research probl
Overexpression of human alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) using recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors provides a novel tool to study neurodegenerative processes seen in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. We used a pseudotyped rAAV2/5 vector to express human wild-type (wt) alpha-syn, A53T mutated alpha-syn, or the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the primate ventral midbrain.
When designing symmetric ciphers, security and performance are of utmost importance. When selecting a symmetric encryption algorithm, the first choice is whether to choose a block cipher or a stream cipher. Most modern block ciphers offer a sufficient security and a reasonably good performance. But a block cipher must usually be used in a stream cipher mode of operation, which suggests that using
Objectives: To estimate the dietary intakes of heterocyclic amines (HCAs), to examine the intakes in relation to socio-economics, lifestyle and other dietary factors and to compare the classification of subjects by intake of HCA versus intake of meat and fish. Design: Cross-sectional analysis within the Malmo Diet and Cancer (MDC) cohort. Data were obtained from a modified diet history, a structur
Background: Gene duplication followed by the functional divergence of the resulting pair of paralogous proteins is a major force shaping molecular networks in living organisms. Recent species-wide data for protein-protein interactions and transcriptional regulations allow us to assess the effect of gene duplication on robustness and plasticity of these molecular networks. Results: We demonstrate t
