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Promoting longer lifetimes and efficient re-use of products has a significant potential to save resources and reduce adverse environmental impacts, especially for products that have large resource footprints related to extraction and production processes, as for instance automobiles. Remanufacturing is a product life extension strategy promoting the effective and efficient re-use of products by re

Land-use change is a major driver of biodiversity loss worldwide. Although biodiversity often shows a delayed response to land-use change, previous studies have typically focused on a narrow range of current landscape factors and have largely ignored the role of land-use history in shaping plant and animal communities and their functional characteristics. Here, we used a unique database of 220,000

This study reconstructs the regional vegetation and climate dynamics between the upper Late Pleistoceneand Holocene around Pian del Lago, a coastal mountain marshland located at 831 m asl in westernLiguria (NW-Italy), based on the pollen analysis of a 13 m-long sediment core. The record provided aunique opportunity to study a poorly documented period in northern Italy and across many parts ofsouth

Amazonia is an environmentally heterogeneous and biologically megadiverse region, and its biodiversity varies considerably over space. However, existing knowledge on Amazonian biodiversity and its environmental determinants stems almost exclusively from studies of macroscopic above-ground organisms, notably vertebrates and trees. In contrast, diversity patterns of most other organisms remain elusi

Strand, S.M., H.H. Christiansen, M. Johansson, J. Åkerman, O. Humlum. 2020. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 2020Active layer probing in northern Sweden, northeast Greenland, and central Svalbard indicates active layer thickening has occurred at Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) sites with long‐term, continuous observations, since the sites were established at these locations in 1978, 1996, and 2000, respectively. The study areas exhibit a reverse latitudinal gradient in average active layer thickne

In current times of global change, several sources of stress such as contaminants and high temperatures may act synergistically. The extent to which organisms persist in stressful conditions will depend on the fitness consequences of multiple simultaneously acting stressors and the genetic basis of compensatory genetic responses. Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug used in livestock that is excret

The extinction of 80% of megaherbivore (>1,000 kg) species towards the end of the Pleistocene altered vegetation structure, fire dynamics and nutrient cycling world-wide. Ecologists have proposed (re)introducing megaherbivores or their ecological analogues to restore lost ecosystem functions and reinforce extant but declining megaherbivore populations. However, the effects of megaherbivores on sma

Continuously indexed Gaussian fields (GFs) is the most important ingredient in spatial statistical modelling and geo-statistics. The specification through the covariance function gives an intuitive interpretation of its properties. On the computational side, GFs are hampered with the "big-n" problem, since the cost of factorising dense matrices is cubic in the dimension. Although the computational

Popular Abstract in Swedish Det är känt att låg socioekonomisk position (t.ex., låg inkomst, kort utbildning) och civilstånd, (t.ex., ensamstående) kan försämra hälsan. Den sämre hälsan medför ett ökat sjukvårdsbehov, och i ett jämlikt samhälle borde därför sjukvårdsutnyttjandet vara större bland de med låg socioekonomisk position och bland de som är ensamstående. Av samma anledning bör en högre fBesides individual characteristics, people born in the same country may present a related pattern of health status and health care utilisation, perhaps because they share a number of socioeconomic and cultural characteristics in addition to their common geographic origin and language. Rather than using simple ethnical or geographical categories, we apply multilevel regression analysis with individ

Antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) is used as a lubricant in friction material. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed Sb in 3/3 disc brake pads (range 41,000-46,000 mg/kg) and in 2/2 disc brake dust samples (21,000 and 17,000 mg/kg) from trucks. Considerably lower concentrations were found in drum brake pads (3/5, 59-6400 mg/kg) and in drum brake dust (4/18, 78-2800 mg/kg). Other toxic metals were also det

The global climate transition from the Lateglacial to the Early Holocene is dominated by a rapid warming trend driven by an increase in orbital summer insolation over high northern latitudes and related feedbacks. The warming trend was interrupted by several abrupt shifts between colder (stadial) and warmer (interstadial) climate states following instabilities of the Atlantic Meridional Overturnin

The European Union Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has failed to achieve its aim of preserving European farmland biodiversity, despite massive investment in subsidies to incentivise environmentally-beneficial farming practices. This failure calls into question the design of the subsidy schemes, which are intended to either function as a safety net and make farming profitable or compensate farmers

Background European forests have a long record of management. However, the diversity of the current forest management across nations, tree species and owners, is hardly understood. Often when trying to simulate future forest resources under alternative futures, simply the yield table style of harvesting is applied. It is now crucially important to come to grips with actual forest management, now t

Background: The Self-Harm Antipathy Scale (SHAS) is a questionnaire designed to measure nurses’ attitudes towards self-harm. This can be useful to improve the quality of care provided to individuals who self-harm. Aim: The purpose of this study was to revise and adapt the SHAS for use in Sweden and evaluate the psychometric properties of this Swedish version (Self-Harm Antipathy Scale–Swedish Revi

Contemporary research and teaching on global environmental politics (GEP) draw upon many approaches to understanding the ways in which states and societies respond to transboundary environmental problems (see Chapter 2). Approaches that emphasize the state (see Chapter 7) and international organizations (see Chapter 8) derive in a straightforward way from scholarly work in international relations

Source-separating sanitation systems offer the possibility of recycling nutrients present in wastewater as crop fertilisers. Thereby, they can reduce agriculture's impacts on global sources, sinks, and cycles for nitrogen and phosphorous, as well as their associated environmental costs. However, it has been broadly assumed that people would be reluctant to perform the new sanitation behaviours tha

Good health is of utmost importance to individuals and economic growth. Nevertheless, inequalities concerning health services and conditions are observed in developed as well as developing countries. Often such disparities are related to ethnicity, with indigenous populations exhibiting lower health performance. Bolivia features a large indigenous population, which still experiences disadvantages

The aim of this study is to analyze the attitudes of social workers in Sweden in regard to the Social Services prerequisites and resources to work with youths who are at risk of falling into or who are already living a criminal lifestyle. We conducted this study from a qualitative research approach, with the collection of empirical data consisting of 8 semi-structured interviews, 6 of them in phys

For decades international research has shown that children in out-of-home care have poor dental health compared to their peers. Although new and more rigorous health regulations have been introduced to the Swedish child welfare authority system, this has not been enough to solve the problem. The aim of this study was to examine how child welfare secretaries relate to regulations concerning their r

A growing population with increasing life expectancy means that the proportion of cognitively ill people is increasing. This puts pressure on the home care service due to lack of time and resources, which leads to a decline in the well-being and quality of life of care recipients. A consequence of cognitive illness is memory loss, which leads to everyday chores such as toothbrushing often being fo