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BACKGROUND: Preterm birth remains the major risk factor for the development of intraventricular hemorrhage, an injury that occurs in 25% of very low birth weight infants. Intraventricular hemorrhage is thought to be venous in origin and intrinsic thromboses in the germinal matrix are likely to play a triggering role. Antithrombin, a glycoprotein synthesized in the liver, is the major plasma inhibi
Background: At present a majority of older people remain in their ordinary homes. Research has generated knowledge about home and health dynamics and increased the awareness of the complexity of housing as related to ageing. As this knowledge is based mainly on research on very old, single-living people in ordinary housing there is a need to study other sub-groups of the ageing population. Thus, t
Clinical education is a significant part of nursing education on all levels of education. A lot of effort is made by educational providers to prepare the students for their clinical placement (Levett-Jones et al., 2015). At best, this is a shared enterprise, involving representatives from the profession in creating a useful clinical placement for the students. However, the strain on clinical nurse
Critical infrastructures today are highly interdependent and increasingly important in providing services to the rest of the society. At the same time, each type of infrastructure requires specialised knowledge to design and manage. Therefore, to get a better understanding of how the infrastructures and the effect of interdependencies work as a whole, it is necessary to have an interdisciplinary a
The human population and its food consumption continues to grow and the environmental impact of meeting future food demands depends on how we expand the food supply. Already, agricultural intensification has led to biodiversity declines, which in turn can have direct and indirect effects on agricultural production. For future sustainable production there is a need to support ecosystems and their a
Observations of vegetation phenology at regional-to-global scales provide important information regarding seasonal variation in the fluxes of energy, carbon, and water between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Numerous algorithms have been developed to estimate phenological transition dates using time series of remotely sensed spectral vegetation indices. A key challenge, however, is that differen
Aim: The purpose of this paper is to provide a broad-based overview of the current literature regarding patients' experiences of symptoms following day surgery. Background: The advent of new anaesthetic and anti-emetic agents, advanced surgical techniques and the need for reduced costs for inpatient hospital services, has resulted in about 70% of all surgical procedures being undertaken as day sur
Currently, we are experiencing biodiversity loss on different spatial scales. One of the best studied taxonomic groups in decline is the butterflies. Here, we review evidence for such declines using five systematic studies from southern Sweden that compare old butterfly surveys with the current situation. Additionally, we provide data on butterfly and burnet moth extinctions in the region’s counti
The relative complexity of the mechanisms underlying savanna ecosystem dynamics, in comparison to other biomes such as temperate and tropical forests, challenges the representation of such dynamics in ecosystem and Earth system models. A realistic representation of processes governing carbon allocation and phenology for the two defining elements of savanna vegetation (namely trees and grasses) may
Through funding from the National Park Service's American Battlefield Protection Program, geographic information technologies were employed to create a high resolution, spatially accurate representation of the 1775 landscape of Boston's Inner Harbor and to conduct a geospatial and temporal assessment of the location, extent, and preservation potential of an American Revolutionary War battlefield a
This is the second annual report for the Swedish Butterfly Monitoring Scheme, a national monitoring programme coordinated by Lund University for the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency since 2010. The programme is a partnership between the Entomological Society of Sweden, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Lund University, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and the Swedi
Aim In many cases, human colonization drastically modified the ecosystems of remote oceanic islands before scientists arrived to document the changes. Palaeoecological records before and after human colonization provide insights into the original ecosystems and an assessment of subsequent human impact. We used pollen analysis to compare the impact of 15th century colonization of the Azores with th
In this era of wireless hysteria, with continuous technological advances in wireless communication and new wireless technologies becoming standardized at a fast rate, we can expect an increased interest for wireless networks, such as ad hoc and mesh networks. These networks operate in a distributed manner, independent of any centralized device. In order to realize the practical benefits of ad hoc
Popular Abstract in Swedish Geografisk fördelning av inomartsvariation i vittspridda Euroasiska skogsväxter Torbjörn Tyler Sammanfattning av författaren's doktorsavhandling Inledning Arter's utbredningar bestäm's inte bara av omvärldsfaktorer som klimat och jordmån utan även av de möjligheter det givit's dem att sprida sig. För att sprida sig över stora geografiska områden kräv's tid och i en väMany woodland plant species have huge distribution areas covering large parts of the Eurasian continent including areas that were glaciated during the last glacial period. In the present thesis, the geographic distribution of variation within such species is investigated and discussed in relation to glacial survival and post-glacial migration, dispersal ability, breeding system and levels of gene-
Popular Abstract in Swedish År 2011 är det exakt 20 år sedan lärarkåren kommunaliserades. Reformen ger fortfarande upphov till diskussioner, inte minst från liberalt håll diskuteras idag lärarprofessionens status och vilka konsekvenser kommunaliseringen har medfört. I Professionens problematik analyseras motiven bakom kommunaliseringen. Historikern Johanna Ringarp visar att reformen var ett led i On 8 December 1989, the Swedish Parliament resolved that the state regulation of teaching positions would be terminated beginning on 1 January 1991. The parliament’s decision came on after fierce debates that took place in both teacher staff rooms and in public in 1989. Almost 20 years later, the reform still gives rise to controversy, and current political debates also touch on the possibility of
As part of the development of the European electricity grid, the EU has decided that ‘Smart Meters’ should be installed in 80% of the households of the EU by 2020. It is expected that this will lead to a reduction of energy use in the residential sector in the order of 10%. Driven by the so-called ‘Information-Deficit’ model, a critical assumption in this policy development is that provision of in
Denna uppsats försöker att klargöra huruvida det, sedan 2007 års Lavaldom, har skett en utveckling inom EU-rätten som tillåter att stridsåtgärder används i ett ökat antal fall, och huruvida den senaste ändringen av den svenska utstationeringslagen är i samklang med nuvarande EU-rätt. Uppsatsen fokuserar på EU-rätt och svensk rätt, och folkrätten är därför utelämnad. Utstationeringsdirektivet, utfäThis thesis tries to elucidate whether, since the Laval judgment of 2007, there has been a development in EU law allowing for collective action to be used in a greater amount of cases, and whether the latest amendment to the Swedish Posting of Workers Act is in accordance with the current EU law. The thesis focusses on EU law and Swedish law, and international law is thus omitted from its scope. T
En dom från EU-domstolen meddelad 2010 och Skatteverkets efterföljande tolkning av denna dom har inneburit att mervärdesskattesatsen för framställning av tryckta produkter i vissa fall har sänkts från 25 procent till 6 procent med rättsverkan bakåt i tiden. Rättsläget har givit upphov till ett stort antal omprövningar. Tryckerier har begärt återbetalning från Skatteverket av för högt redovisad utgIn 2010 the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued a preliminary ruling on the classification on reprographics activities saying that such activities have the characteristics of a ‘supply of goods’ to the extent they are limited to mere reproduction of documents. In Sweden such activities had, until this point in time, generally been classified as ‘supply of services’ and thus subjec
Det kan konstateras utan vidare att den världen som vi lever i håller på att bli allt mer digitaliserad. Människor kommunicerar på Facebook, beställer varor på Amazon och använder sig av Google Search för att komma åt allting som Internetet har att erbjuda. En gemensam nämnare för dessa tjänster är att de erbjuds gratis. Affärsmodellen för dessa företag är istället att maximera upptagningen av datIt goes without saying that the world that we live in is becoming increasingly digitised. People communicate on Facebook, order products on Amazon, and use Google Search to find everything the Internet has to offer. A common denominator of these services is that they are all offered for free. Instead of requiring payment, the business model of such undertakings is to maximise data collection on it
Since the end of the 20th century, society has gradually moved towards an information society where the use of the internet and the management of information has grown to become more important. While discussing digitization in the construction industry, BIM is oftentimes mentioned. Simply put, BIM is a 3d-model comprised of unique objects containing different types of information. Recent surveys i
