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Popular AbstractDetta är en histora över teorier om ojämnt utbyte och deras upphovsmän. Den börjar med merkantilismen och Richard Cantillons jordvärdeteori, ger en kort beskrivning av tidig klassisk ekonomi och Gerald Fitzhugh. Bland det tidiga 1900-talets marxistiska ekonomer spelade ojämnt utbyte en roll i Otto Bauers tolkning av nationalistiska motsättningar, och i Henryk Grossmanns verk som enThis is a history of theories and theorists of unequal exchange. Starting with mercantilists and Richard Cantillon's theory based on land values, it briefly covers the early Classical economists and Gerald Fitzhugh. Among early 20th century Marxist economists, unequal exchange appeared in Otto Bauer's explanation of nationalist antagonism, and in Henryk Grossmann as countering the breakdown of cap

Background: Substance use disorders and complications, such as drug overdose (OD) and suicide attempt (SA), are common among criminal justice clients. Methods: Since 2001, the Swedish Prison and Probation Service has assessed substance-using clients with the Addiction Severity Index (ASI), a semi-structured instrument widely used to examine substance-related problems in different domains of life.

Spring phenophases such as the beginning of leaf unfolding, measured in the Irish gardens of the International Phenological Garden (IPG) network, indicate an earlier spring occurrence hence a longer growing season. However, these measurements are limited to selected species of trees at a few point locations in the southern half of the country. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology, ba

Introduction: Moving in very old age is considered to be a major life event and relocation and access to appropriate housing options is a hot topic in the public debate across Europe. For very old people, the decision-making process and aspects influencing relocation is not well studied. Occupational therapy interventions mainly focus on ageing-in-place solutions when aiming for independence and w

Many models of the nonnative acquisition of syntax build on the assumption that target lexical projections are developmentally prior to target functional projections (e.g. Minimal Trees (Vainikka & Young-Scholten 1994), Modulated Structure Building (Hawkins 2001)), or that learners only have to grapple with the acquisition of the topmost levels of syntactic structure (e.g. Vulnerable C-domain

The main objective of Task 23 Small Scale Reformers for On-site Hydrogen Supply has been to provide a basis for harmonization of technology for on-site hydrogen production from hydrocarbon s– fossil and renewable. The four sub-objectives were to: • Develop a basis for harmonized capacities for the on-site hydrogen reformer unit • Identify and examine issues related to the promotion of widespread u

The forces of globalization and the enabling characteristics of internet communication have impacted the nature of research and innovation. Knowledge and innovation processes are both more dispersed and more openly accessible. In addition, we witness a shift in the global knowledge and innovation geography with both being increasingly generated and developed in regions outside Europe, North Americ

Changes in forestry practices and on-going climate change may both have large impacts on forest bird populations. However, large-scale analyses of the effects of temporal changes in forest structure on forest bird numbers are largely lacking. We compared temporal trends from two Swedish nationwide long-term monitoring schemes, the Swedish Bird Survey (1998–2015) and the Swedish National Forestry I

Zabrze is a medium size town of 200 000 inhabitants in the region of Upper Silesia, Poland. The development of the town was originally based on the exploitation of heavy industries. In the past few years Zabrze has, however, moved towards more service and tourism oriented industries. As part of this journey, the city of Zabrze sees the need to improve its existing waste management system. This rep

Skogar har en positiv inverkan på halten av växthusgaser i atmosfären eftersom de binder koldioxid via fotsyntesen och lagrar kol i marken. Dessutom utgör många skogar en betydande sänka för växthusgasen metan. Upptaget av metan sker i väl syresatta marker genom oxidation utförd av metanotrofa bakterier. Däremot sker en nettoproduktion av metan i syrefattiga skogsmarker när mikroorganismer, s.k. aPopular Abstract in English Forests have a positive impact on the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere because they absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and store carbon in the soil. Moreover, many forests function as a sink for the greenhouse gas methane (CH4). The uptake of CH4 takes place in well-aerated soils through oxidation by methanotrophic bacteria. However, there is a net

This dissertation about the utilization of applied social science is based on studies of research use in three different policy sectors - the social service, the building, and the working life sectors. In these studies some characteristics of the different policy sectors, like the distribution and exercise of power and control, was found to play a fundamental role in forming the patterns of resear

När ett entreprenadavtal hävs innebär det att vissa rättsföljder aktualiseras, en av dessa är att beställaren har rätt till skadestånd från entreprenören för den kostnadsökning som kan uppkomma för att färdigställa entreprenaden samt för övriga skador som är hänförliga till hävningen. Beställarens rätt till ersättning stadgas i 8:6 AB 04. När 8:6 AB 04 diskuteras i doktrinen benämns oftast skadebe

Swedish law is very keen on the fact that every person should be treated equal when facing the legal system. When it comes to cases concerning children, social workers and judges are expected to strictly obey the rules of the law but at the same time make individual judgements based on the best interest of the child, something that requires a great deal of empathy and knowledge. Is it possible to

Compulsory licensing is used to prevent the owner of an intellectual property right from refusing to exploit that right in a country or from being the sole provider of a product by forcing him to permit competition from other producers', subject only to their payment of a reasonable royalty or licence fee. When a compulsory license is used to remedy an abuse of competition law, issues of confl

Regleringen av hasardspel i EU:s medlemsstater präglas av moraliska, kulturella och historiska hänsyn. Spelverksamhetens särdrag, och framförallt dess skadliga följder samt intäkterna den genererar har medfört att medlemsstaterna generellt sett reglerar denna marknad på ett restriktivt sätt, och i vissa fall anförtros tillhandahållandet av speltjänster till statliga monopol. Den snabba utvecklingeThe regulation of games of chance bears significant moral, cultural and historical features throughout the EU Member States. The particularities of gambling activities, and notably the risks they entail and the revenues they generate, have determined Member States to strictly regulate this market sector, and indeed, in some cases, to entrust the provision of such services to state-owned monopolies

Parterna till en företagskoncentration måste ofta ändra den planerade transaktionen för att kommissionen anser att den påtagligt skulle hämma den effektiva konkurrensen inom gemenskapen. Kommissionen ser helst att de berörda företagen erbjuder sig att avyttra en verksamhet för att på så vis på ett permanent sätt upprätthålla eller återställa konkurrensen på marknaden. Denna typ av strukturellt korParties to a merger often need to change their original transaction plan because the commission’s investigation shows that the merger would lead to significant impediments of the effective competition on the common market. The Commission prefers the undertakings to divest such businesses or assets necessary to permanently maintain or restore an effective competition on the common market. However,

I en komparativ studie undersöktes regleringen av flera former av eutanasi (dödshjälp) och assisterat självmord i Sverige, Nederländerna, Schweiz och Italien. Även Europadomstolens praxis, samt attityder till och förekomst av eutanasi behandlades och resultaten sammanställdes. Bland de jämförda länderna är aktiv eutanasi, dvs. att aktivt förkorta en annans liv, tillåtet endast för nederländska lThe regulation of several types of euthanasia and assisted suicide in Sweden, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Italy was examined, as well as case law from the European Court of Human rights, and attitudes towards and occurrence of euthanasia. The results were then analysed. Active euthanasia, i.e. to actively shorten the life of another person, is legal only for Dutch physicians. The physician

I Helsingborgs stad, likt i många andra större städer i Sverige, råder det platsbrist samtidigt som grönytor försvinner i takt med att nybyggnationer ökar. Helsingborgs stad har som vision att vara en skapande, pulserande, gemensam, global och balanserad stad för både människor och företag år 2035. Den nya urbaniseringstrenden ställer därmed krav på stadens uppbyggnad och planering. Vidare har gröIn Helsingborg, as in many other major cities in Sweden, there is a shortage of space as green space disappears while new construction increases. The municipality of Helsingborg has a vision to be a creative, vibrant, common, global and balanced city for both people and companies by 2035. The new urbanization trend places a demand on the city's construction and planning. Furthermore, greenery

How audiences engage with news has not always gotten a lot of attention in academic and industry research; and, even then, it is often studied in terms of exposure and interaction. This does not fully capture the dynamism and multidimensionality of this phenomenon; and industry attempts to apply market principles to engagement risks depoliticizing and reducing it to economic values. Rather than po

Background: The fashion industry is one of the world’s largest and most creative sectors in the retail industry, but also one of the most polluting industries globally. More and more clothes are produced than it is needed, and this has been a usual process in the fashion industry to meet consumers’ needs. Consumers can also be responsible for the environmental degradation, even though most of the