Filtyp
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) increasingly enter into “partnerships” with states to implement human rights, a phenomenon that has been studied both as a necessary inclusion of civil society in human rights practice, and as a slippery slope towards a neoliberal state retreat. What remains to be studied is how this partnership practice shapes the concepts of human rights and their duty beare
Background: Substance use disorders and complications, such as drug overdose (OD) and suicide attempt (SA), are common among criminal justice clients. Methods: Since 2001, the Swedish Prison and Probation Service has assessed substance-using clients with the Addiction Severity Index (ASI), a semi-structured instrument widely used to examine substance-related problems in different domains of life.
Introduction: Moving in very old age is considered to be a major life event and relocation and access to appropriate housing options is a hot topic in the public debate across Europe. For very old people, the decision-making process and aspects influencing relocation is not well studied. Occupational therapy interventions mainly focus on ageing-in-place solutions when aiming for independence and w
The climate is changing, something that many scientists correlate to increased emissions of greenhouse gases. The effluent that is considered to have the highest impact on global warming is carbon dioxide, when effect and quantity are taken into account. Most projections however, show that the effect is reversible if the amount of carbon dioxide emissions discharged to the atmosphere is decreased.
The overall aim of this thesis was to provide a representative estimate of the potential impacts of climate change and increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations on Swedish forest ecosystems and the key ecosystem services they provide. In order to achieve this task, fi rst LPJ-GUESS, a process-based regional ecosystem modelling framework, was applied to explore how possible shifts in climatic zones
Popular AbstractDetta är en histora över teorier om ojämnt utbyte och deras upphovsmän. Den börjar med merkantilismen och Richard Cantillons jordvärdeteori, ger en kort beskrivning av tidig klassisk ekonomi och Gerald Fitzhugh. Bland det tidiga 1900-talets marxistiska ekonomer spelade ojämnt utbyte en roll i Otto Bauers tolkning av nationalistiska motsättningar, och i Henryk Grossmanns verk som enThis is a history of theories and theorists of unequal exchange. Starting with mercantilists and Richard Cantillon's theory based on land values, it briefly covers the early Classical economists and Gerald Fitzhugh. Among early 20th century Marxist economists, unequal exchange appeared in Otto Bauer's explanation of nationalist antagonism, and in Henryk Grossmann as countering the breakdown of cap
Popular Abstract in Swedish Den här avhandlingen studerar olika aspekter av fattigdom i Mongoliet, bland annat skattningar av dess storlek, effekter av fördelning och tillväxt förändringar samt olika policy besluts inverkan. Kapitel två analyserar förhållandet mellan fattigdom, tillväxt och ojämlikhet i Mongoliet. Analysen visar att sannolikheten att ett hushåll är fattigt beror på dess utbildninThis thesis considers various aspects of the poverty in Mongolia, including estimations of the actual as well as future-looking poverty, its distributional and growth components, and selected policy impacts on poverty. Chapter two analyzes the inter-relationship between poverty, growth, and inequality in Mongolia, using Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS) for 1998 and 2002. The results show
Popular Abstract in Swedish Den dramatiska samhällsomvandlingen i Öst- och Centraleuropa 1989-91 förändrade radikalt förutsättningarna för Europas politiska och ekonomiska liv. Den politiska och militära uppdelningen upphörde, gamla stater föll sönder och nya tillkom. I vårt närområde, Östersjöområdet, har förändringarna varit mer genomgripande än på många andra håll. Interaktionen mellan områdetsThe geopolitical transformation after 1989 had radical territorial consequences in almost all parts of East-Central Europe. In the Baltic Sea Area alone, five new states were formed. The process of European integration became a priotity on the agenda. The concept of integration describes a process of uniting two or more entities. Interaction (flows of goods, people and messages) must be seen as a
Popular Abstract in Swedish I början av 1990-talet accepterade Vägverket metoden att mäta nyttan av trafiksäkerhet utifrån skattning av enskilda individers betalningsvilja för riskreduktion. Sedan dess har det diskuterats hur man ska gå tillväga för att finna den mest tillförlitliga metoden för att empiriskt mäta individernas betalningsvilja. Syftet med denna avhandling är att beskriva och analyseAt the beginning of the 1990s the Swedish National Road Administration (SNRA) adopted the willingness to pay (WTP) approach for estimating the benefits of safety improvements. However, since then there have been discussions about how to find the most valid and reliable empirical methods to conduct WTP studies. The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze approaches used to estimate the va
Providing increased transmission speed, quality and an efficient spectrum utilization is crucial for high speed wireless services of today and the future. This thesis is a collection of papers that address an important step in that direction -- the utilization of the spatial domain of the wireless channel. Paper I provides a survey of the most important concepts in channel and radio propagation m
The purpose of this PhD thesis work has been to develop optical techniques that can help utility engineers for assessing the state of insulators in service and in a laboratory. The possibilities to use remote laser induced fluorescence for detection and imaging of biological growth such as algae and fungi have been investigated. Reflectance spectroscopy has also been investigated as a technique fo
The Anatomy of Expectation. Dreams of Social Mobility in the Swedish Baltic Sea Area, 1680–1770 Social mobility in the early modern period has been subject to extensive research, often with an interest in quantities, ideologies, and strategies. The personal driving forces behind this mobility, on the other hand, remain obscure. Focusing on servants of the state in the Swedish Baltic Sea area betw
Ett medlemskap i EU har stor rättslig betydelse för medlemsstaterna, inte minst på den direkta beskattningens område. Framför allt påverkar EU-rätten den direkta beskattningens område genom EUD:s rättspraxis där nationella inkomstskatteregler beslutats vara oförenliga med bestämmelserna om fri rörlighet för varor, personer, tjänster eller kapital. För att avgöra om en nationell inkomstskatteregel A membership of the EU brings several legal effects for the member states, especially in the area of direct taxation. In particular EU law effects direct taxation through CJEU’s jurisprudence where national income tax rules are decided to be incompatible with the provisions of the free movement of goods, persons, services or capital. In order to determine whether a national income tax regime is co
Handel med så kallade osanna fakturor är ett relativt avancerat upplägg som används i syfte att undvika beskattning. Med begreppet osann faktura avses en faktura som ger sken av att ett avtal ingåtts mellan två parter, vanligtvis om köp av tjänster eller varor, men där avtalet mellan parterna i själva verket avser köp av själva fakturan. Motivet bakom upplägg med osanna fakturor är i regel att minThe trading with so-called untrue invoices is a relatively advanced scheme used in order to avoid taxation. The term untrue invoice refers to an invoice that indicates that an agreement regarding purchase of services or goods has been made between two un-associated parties, when the agreement between the parties in fact relates to the purchase of the invoice itself. The motive behind the usage of
Climate change, deforestation and poverty are big threats for today’s society. One way the United Nations has chosen to combat this is through a project named REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation). In short, REDD+ allows countries to be compensated if they change their way of using the forest into methods more likely to conserve the ecosystem and eliminate or minimiz
This thesis seeks to determine whether it is possible to strike a regulatory balance between satisfying the interests derived from individuals' right to privacy and states' defence of national security. However, the goal of this work is not to conduct an abstract analysis of the interrelations of these, sometimes conflicting, interests but to find practical solutions to a present issue, th
Uppsatsen undersöker rättskällevärdet för OECD:s riktlinjer om internprissättning för multinationella företag och skattemyndigheter vid tolkning av de s.k. korrigeringsreglerna i svensk och tysk lagstiftning. Genom internprissättning (transfer pricing) avgörs priserna vid transaktioner av fysiska varor och immateriella värden samt utförande av tjänster internt mellan närstående företag i multinatiThis paper examines the legal value of the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations as a source of law for the legal systems of Sweden and Germany with regards to internal law regulations enforcing compliance to the arm´s length principle in transfer pricing. Transfer prices are the prices at which enterprises transfer physical goods and intangible pr
Background Kenya is facing social and economic problems related to the high unemployment rate the country has suffered since independence. The Kenyan government are placing a lot, if not all, eggs in one basket and betting on entrepreneurship to solve these problem. For entrepreneurship to thrive there needs to be an ecosystem facilitating it and inherent in this ecosystem are support organisation
Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka gränslandet mellan offentlig upphandling, entreprenadrätt och försäkringsrätt. Fokus ligger på att analysera fullgörandeförsäkringens funktion och de problem som kan uppstå vid dess tillämpning i relation till standardavtalen AB 04 och ABT 06 samt Lagen om offentlig upphandling (LOU). Målet med uppsatsen är att belysa hur ekonomiska krav i offentlig upphandlinThis thesis aims to examine the intersection of public procurement law, construction contract law, and insurance law. The focus is on analyzing the function of performance bonds (known in Sweden as "fullgörandeförsäkring") and the challenges that can arise in their application in relation to the standard agreements AB 04 and ABT 06, as well as the Swedish Public Procurement Act (LOU). Th
Arbetsmarknaden har på senare år genomgått stora förändringar i flera länder. Att arbetsmarknaden utvecklas är inget främmande. Strukturella omvandlingar är evigt förekommande och resulterar i att arbetsformer förändras eller försvinner, men även att nya skapas. Ett exempel på en trend är digitaliseringen. Coronapandemin medförde en påskyndning av den digitala omvandlingen av arbetsmarknaden exempThe labor market has undergone significant changes in several countries in recent years. The development of the labor market is nothing new. Structural transformations occur repeatedly, resulting in some forms of work changing, disappearing altogether, or new ones being created. One example of a trend is digitalization. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the digital transformation of the labor mark
