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Multiple sclerosis leads to diffuse damage of the central nervous system, affecting also the normal-appearing white matter. Demyelination and axonal degeneration reduce regional fractional anisotropy in normal-appearing white matter, which can be routinely mapped with diffusion tensor imaging. However, the standard fractional anisotropy metric is also sensitive to physiological variations in orien
Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia, but substantial heterogeneity exists in the manifestation of NPS. Sex differences may explain this clinical variability. We aimed to investigate the sex differences in the prevalence and severity of NPS in AD dementia. Methods: Literature searches were conducted in Embase, MEDLINE/PubMed,
Importance: The concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) unifies a subgroup of cryptogenic strokes based on neuroimaging, a defined minimum set of diagnostic tests, and exclusion of certain causes. Despite an annual stroke recurrence rate of 5%, little is known about the etiology underlying recurrent stroke after ESUS. Objective: To identify the stroke subtype of recurrent ischemic
Background: Bococizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and reduces levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of bococizumab in patients at high cardiovascular risk. Methods: In two parallel, multinational trials with different entry criteria for LDL cholesterol levels, we randomly
Objective: To determine the role of inflammatory biomarkers at 2 years post–anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury to predict radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–defined knee OA at 5 years postinjury, with a secondary aim of estimating the concordance of inflammatory biomarkers assessed by MRI and synovial fluid (SF) analysis. Methods: We studied 113 patient
Background: Ovarian tumours are usually surgically removed because of the presumed risk of complications. Few large prospective studies on long-term follow-up of adnexal masses exist. We aimed to estimate the cumulative incidence of cyst complications and malignancy during the first 2 years of follow-up after adnexal masses have been classified as benign by use of ultrasonography. Methods: In the
Widespread species often show extensive phenotypic variation due to the contrasting abi-otic and biotic factors that shape selective pressures in different environments. In this context, the gradual and predictable patterns of variation in climatic and environmental conditions found in mountain areas offer a great opportunity to explore intraspecific phenotypic variation. For instance, temperature
Objective: To investigate the causal role of cardiometabolic risk factors in osteoarthritis (OA) using associated genetic variants. Methods: We studied 27,691 adults from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS) and replicated novel findings among 376,435 adults from the UK Biobank. Trait-specific polygenic risk scores for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
If we do not consider religious rituals as given to us from the gods, but designed by humans at certain times and in certain contexts we might also track the art of designing and performing the human practice of rituals. Even if we agree that all rituals are taught and learned, they are not meant to be perceived as products of human imagination. The concept “ritual invention” could thus be seen as
This investigation makes a survey of the spread of fire and the fire development in low-rise residential building areas through obtaining the literal knowledge of factors having influence on a fire in one burning building and fire spread between buildings within a group of single-family houses. The purpose of the investigation was, on basis of the knowledge, to propose improved measures and the ch
The aim of the MIRACHL project is the characterisation and monitoring of in-situ remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination using an interdisciplinary approach and geophysical methods, such as DCIP (direct current induced polarisation) to investigate the remediation process. To interpret these geophysical field IP data, lab investigations with different kinds of bacteria are necessary to
Background: Few tools evaluates quality of movements in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The Test for Substitution Patterns (TSP) is developed to measure the ability to perform five functional movements regarding postural control and altered movement patterns (1). TSP is validated and reliable in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament injury, but has not yet been evaluated in indivi
Alzheimer's disease researchers have been intrigued by the selective regional vulnerability of the brain to amyloid-β plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. Post-mortem studies indicate that in ageing and Alzheimer's disease tau tangles deposit early in the transentorhinal cortex, a region located in the anterior-temporal lobe that is critical for object memory. In contrast, amyloid-β pathology
In order to identify the signal epitopes of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) molecule, the conformation of the NPY molecule was pertubated by a systematic double D-amino acid replacement of neighbouring residues. These NPY-analogs were examined for receptor affinity and on biological activity. The rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus were used for binding characteristics on Y1 and Y2 binding sites, respect
The global CO2 emissions in 2010 from fossil energy use grew at the fastest rate since 1969. The year 2010 also witnessed that the global oil production did not match the rapid growth in consumption [1]. These recent data further intensify worldwide concerns about greenhouse gas emissions and energy security for a sustained economic development. For a reduced dependence on oil from fossil reserves
OBJECTIVE: To study intra-aneurysm sac pressure and subsequent abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) diameter changes in patients without endoleaks that remain unchanged in AAA diameter more than 1 year after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). METHODS: A total of 23 patients underwent direct intra-aneurysm sac pressure (DISP) measurements 16 months (IQR: 14-35 months) after EVAR. Tip-pressure sensors
Permutational Grammar, PG, is a grammar inspired by the Free Word Order grammar, FOG, presented in Vladimir Pericliev & Alexander Grigorov 1992. Some languages, notably Latin, are said to have free word order, see e.g. Siewierska 1988. The name Permutational Grammar is derived from the use of permutations in order to generate order variation. The general problem to be solved by FOG and PG is t
OBJECTIVES: the purpose of this study was to assess the predictive accuracy of conventional cardiovascular risk factors for incident heart failure and atrial fibrillation, and the added benefit of multiple biomarkers reflecting diverse pathophysiological pathways. BACKGROUND: heart failure and atrial fibrillation are interrelated cardiac diseases associated with substantial morbidity and mortality
En domstol är skyldig att genom s.k. materiell processledning verka för att ett mål blir tillräckligt utrett. Kravet gäller under hela rättegången och i alla instanser. Mitt syfte med denna uppsats är att fastställa hur långtgående materiell processledning i dispositiva tvistemål bör vara och vilka omständigheter som bör spela in när omfattningen av sådan processledning i enskilda fall bestäms. D
