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Three cases decided by the CFI, Airtours, Schneider Electric and Tetra Laval, along with the ECJ's judgement in the appeal of the Tetra Laval case, may have changed the way the Courts and the Commission approach questions of proof in the future. In these cases, the CFI did not hesitate to conclude: ''the contested decision does not establish to the requisite legal standard that the mod
The ICTY and the ICTR were established in the 1990s to determine individual accountability for mass atrocities. The tribunals have had a great impact on the development of international criminal law, yet their effects in the concerned societies have been disputed. As the courts are located outside the territory in which the crimes took place, and are composed of international lawyers and personnel
This thesis approaches a field in refugee law, which is rather untouched by the researching community so far. The specific procedure scrutinised is the procedure allowing for asylum applications to be submitted at EU Member States' diplomatic and consular representations abroad. In the thesis this procedure goes under the name externalised processing. The specific aspect focused on is the poss
Den här rapporten redovisar det arbete som utförts av Andreas Byström och Josefin Salomonsson inom ramen för civilingenjörsprogrammets examensarbete. Arbetet har utförts på Scania, avdelningen för specialfordon från november 2009 till april 2010. Scania har en lång bakgrund som leverantör av militära fordon till försvarsmakter världen över. Scanias militära lastbilar är uppbyggda av samma grundstThis report is a result of a Master Thesis project in mechanical engineering by Andreas Byström and Josefin Salomonsson. The thesis was carried out at Scania CV AB at the department for Special Vehicles and the Division of Machine Design at the Department of Design Science at LTH from November 2009 to April 2010. Scania has a long tradition of designing and deliver vehicles to national defence fo
Ända sedan Europeiska kommissionen i april 2009 lade fram sitt förslag till AIFM direktiv har det varit föremål för hård kritik och en stor mängd ändringsförslag. Direktivet, som syftar till att reglera den inre marknaden för alternativa investeringsfonder och därigenom minska förekomsten av systemstabilitetsrisker, har kallats protektionistiskt och har föranlett en häftig politisk debatt. Skälet Ever since the European Commission presented its draft proposal of the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive in April 2009, it has been the subject of harsh criticism and a multitude of amendment proposals. The Directive, which aims to regulate the internal market for Alternative Investment Funds (AIF) as to reduce systemic risks, has been labeled protectionist and is the cause of a heate
By ratifying ILO Conventions, ILO Member States undertake to bring national legislation and practice into full compliance with these international labour instruments. However, the question remains whether the countries actually implement their international commitments. The assessment of national compliance with the ratified ILO Standards may help to find out the good practices to be followed by
An engineer always strive to help in the continuous exploration of the unknown. By doing so we go further out in space and further down in scale. This is the case with microfluidics which in the last years have gotten a lot of attention. This thesis will examine and better try to understand and optimize a fluidic system that uses ultrasonic trapping. Its application may be everything from enrichin
The aim of this thesis is to better understand Hindu-Christian relations in the experience of North Indian Pentecostals. The study proceeds from a social identity theory (SIT) framework and is guided by three research questions. The research questions call attention to Pentecostals’ perception of the two social groups ‘Christians’ and ‘Hindus’, how the relationship between the two groups is experi
BackgroundLongitudinal data on weight change, its timing, and the age of obesity onset in relation to cause-specific mortality are limited.MethodsFrom ODDS, a nationwide pooled cohort study in Sweden, we included 258,269 men and 361,784 women with at least three weight assessments between ages 17 and 60, collected in 1963–2015. We applied linear mixed-effects models to estimate weight trajectories
This paper describes a study examining four different GARCH models AR(1)-GARCH(1,1), AR(1)-EGARCH(1,1), AR(1)-APGARCH(1,1) and AR(1)-GJR-GARCH(1,1), and their ability to predict future volatility and thereby providing more reliable estimates for Value-at-Risk. The study is based on daily observations for the return of the OMX Stockholm 30 Index, during the time period 31st December 1996 to 29th De
Southeast Asia, with Singapore in the lead, has seen the importance of integration, both regionally and with the rest of the world. The region has had high growth rates during the past years and it has benefited from trade creation through its free trade agreements, both multilateral and bilateral. Due to its successful FTAs, Singapore has been able to specialize in trade and has become an importa
The Caroline Case with its principles of necessity, proportionality and immediacy is alleged to be part of customary international law consider anticipatory self-defence, but a closer examination views that it can not be, mostly because of States are not convinced that it is the correct behaviour. Even if Article 51 of the UN Charter has been expanded to include acts of terrorism as armed attacks,
In this study child pornography offence and more stringent measures against child pornography on the Internet are discussed. Furthermore, the study explores several ways and means of effectively combating child pornography. Thus, the intention with this essay is to consider various provisions that should be taken in order to achieve a more effective combating of child pornography on the Internet.
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Under de senaste åren har det varit mycket fokus på biobränsle som ett sätt att reducera konsumtionen av fossila bränslen och utsläppet av växthusgaser. Flytande biobränslen kan blandas med bensin och diesel som ersättning för fossila bränslen i transportsektorn. Blandningar av biobränsle och bensin eller diesel kan användas direkt i omodifierade motorer och detUnder the Kyoto protocol the European Union (EU) has committed itself to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions to 92% of 1990 levels. Carbon sequestered in agriculture is allowed to be countered against emissions to help meet the targets. Biofuels represent an infinite possibility to sequester carbon in agriculture, as they reduce emissions by replacing fossil fuels. The EU has set the target that
A qualitative study of family members and spouses experiences regarding the depression and the support One third of the Swedish population has at some point of their lives been afflicted with a depression, and although there are many interventions to be had, a majority of them focus solely on the individual with the depression. Shedding light on how family members and spouses experience the suppo
Teachers’ experiences of school leadership behaviour and the social contexts in which these have taken place interest me. I aim to identify and understand what Swedish secondary school language teachers’ reflections are on what they require in terms of leadership from their principals in different contexts in order to gain personal job satisfaction. The objective is that this research can then fun
Building in a manner that minimizes environmental impact has become a major part of the construction industry. Despite increased knowledge in this area the development is moving slowly. The purpose of this thesis is to give the reader an idea of the approach to green construction of civil engineering. The definition of a green tender is defined by the people who have been interviewed. The question
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: De kvartära landskapsformerna i södra Sverige skapades till stor del under och i samband med avsmältningen av den senaste inlandesisen. Skåne blev isfritt för ca 13 000 år sedan med en isavsmältning i nordvästar Skåne mot NO. I samband med denna avsmältning skapades ett småkuperat moränlandskap, plana slätter, mindre kullar och åsar. Åsarna har bildats av materiThe purpose with this study is to identify and examine heterogeneities within the ground, which is important for the groundwater flow on a more local scale. Investigation of the geology within an area is normally done through observations in field, combined with studies of geological maps and documented drillings. Depending on drilling methods, varying results are obtained but often with a good re
This study deals with the development of a subglacial cavity in a province dominated by stoss- and leeside rockridges. In the area of Järnavik, south-central Blekinge, there is a small excavation on the leeside of a bedrock ridge. The lithofacies combinations in this section contains both diamictons and sorted sediments. The diamict units are both massive and stratified. The sorted sediments are m
The aim of this essay is to examine which help a group of women with eating disorders had from thier treatment in daycare in 2004. The aim is to examine how the women have experienced this treatment and how they live today. The central questions are: what was their life situation like before the treatment, what was their experience of the treatment, how could the treatment have been better and how
