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Over the last decade, serial crystallography, a method to collect complete diffraction datasets from a large number of microcrystals delivered and exposed to an X-ray beam in random orientations at room temperature, has been successfully implemented at X-ray free-electron lasers and synchrotron radiation facility beamlines. This development relies on a growing variety of sample presentation method

Freedom of movement is a necessity for the European Union. According to Article 8a EEC, which was inserted by the Single European Act in 1987, the Member States of the European Union have committed themselves to achieve an internal market and thus abolish all obstacles that may impede the free movement of goods, services, capital and persons. The right to free movement of persons is one of these f

The European Alps are rapidly losing glacier mass due to climatic warming and are anticipated to be largely ice-free by the year 2100. Long-term glacier monitoring in the Alps provides a record of anthropogenically-driven climate change since the Little Ice Age maximum in ~1850. Understanding these long-term glacier changes provides a basis for mitigating hazards (e.g., mass movements) associated

Poly(arylene piperidinium)s are attractive anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for alkaline membrane fuel cells and water electrolyzers because of their high chemical stability and hydroxide conductivity. Here, ether- and fluorine-free hydroxide conducting poly(quaterphenyl piperidinium) membranes with very similar ion exchange capacity (IEC), but different ratios of meta to para connectivity in the q

Offline foveation is a technique to improve the compression efficiency of digitized video. The general idea behind offline foveation is to blur video regions where no or a small number of previewers look without decreasing the subjective quality for later viewers. It relies on the fact that peripheral vision is reduced compared to central vision, and the observation that during free-viewing humans

Hydrophobins are small secreted proteins that are present as several gene copies in most fungal genomes. Their properties are now well understood: they are amphiphilic and assemble at hydrophilic/hydrophobic interfaces. However, their physiological functions remain largely unexplored, especially within mycorrhizal fungi. In this study, we identified hydrophobin genes and analysed their distributio

In the present work, a numerical study has been performed to simulate the effect of free-stream turbulence, length scale and variations in rotational speed of the rotor on heat transfer and fluid flow for a transonic high-pressure turbine stage with tip clearance. The stator and rotor rows interact via a mixing plane, which allows the stage to be computed in a steady manner. The focus is on turbin

We have investigated the interactions between cationic poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of generation 4 (G4), a potential gene transfection vector, with net-anionic model biomembranes composed of different ratios of zwitterionic phosphocholine (PC) and anionic phospho-l-serine (PS) phospholipids. Two types of model membranes were used: solid-supported bilayers, prepared with lipids carrying pal

The interactions, in aqueous media, between a pyrene-labelled polyelectrolyte poly(acrylic acid) (PAAMePy) with two different degrees of labelling and beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins (beta- and gamma-CD) were studied using absorption and fluorescence (steady-state and time-resolved) techniques. In addition to qualitative and quantitative parameters obtained from absorption and steady-state fluoresce

The thermal unfolding of three SH3 domains of the Tec family of tyrosine kinases was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and CD spectroscopy, The unfolding transition of the three protein domains in the acidic pH region can be described as a reversible two-state process. For all three SH3 domains maximum stability was observed in the pH region 4.5 < pH < 7.0 where these domains unfold at

Since the creation of the Marxian alienation theory, the development of the productive labour and new philosophical insights has made this theory obsolete. In this paper, a concept of alienation, free from essentialism and historicism, will be proposed. This alienation theory starts from the most fundamental source of knowledge to the human existence: our sensuous experience of the material world.

A well-planned waiting area is crucial for automatic milking systems. In an enclosed waiting area, cows of different rank compete for entering the milking station and they are exposed for a variety of social interactions. Such interactions could increase standing time and delay milking, which may result in stress, lameness, impaired welfare and reduced performance. The aim was to monitor the waiti

Plant organelle function must constantly adjust to environmental conditions, which requires dynamic coordination. Ca(2+) signaling may play a central role in this process. Free Ca(2+) dynamics are tightly regulated and differ markedly between the cytosol, plastid stroma, and mitochondrial matrix. The mechanistic basis of compartment-specific Ca(2+) dynamics is poorly understood. Here, we studied t

The aim of this study is to scrutinize the mechanism behind aggregation, i.e., tactoid formation of nanostructures with the shape of a platelet. For that purpose, the clay minerals Laponite and montmorillonite have been used as model systems. More specifically, we are interested in the role of: the platelet size, the electrostatic interactions, and adsorbing polymers. Our hypothesis is that the pr

Background and aim Sarcomas are of mesenchymal origin and typically show abundant tumour stroma and presence of necrosis. In search for novel biomarkers for personalised therapy, we determined the prognostic impact of stromal markers, hypoxia and neovascularity in high-grade soft tissue leiomyosarcoma and pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma. Method We evaluated CD163, colony-stimulating factor (C

The incidence of cancer is increasing worldwide and metastatic disease, through the spread of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), is responsible for the majority of the cancer deaths. Accurate monitoring of CTC levels in blood provides clinical information supporting therapeutic decision making, and improved methods for CTC enumeration are asked for. Microfluidics has been extensively used for this pu

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) are synthetic receptors capable of selective binding to their target (template) molecules and, hence, are used as recognition elements in assays and sensors as a replacement for relatively unstable enzymes and antibodies. Herein, we describe a manufacturing-friendly protocol for integration of MIP nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) with a (label-free) capacitive sensor.

Peptidbaserade läkemedel utgör en växande del av läkemedelsindustrin, med behandlingsmöjligheter mot en bredd av sjukdomar. Det första peptidbaserade läkemedlet var insulin som introducerades under 1920-talet, sedan dess har applikationer av peptidläkemedel ökat, och tillverkningsmetoder utvecklats. Under 1960-talet introducerades fastfaspeptidsyntes (solid phase peptide synthesis, SPPS), där peptMethods for synthesis of peptides using solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) are hampered by relying on large amounts of hazardous substances such as dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent for peptide assembly and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) a per/polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) as reagent/solvent for side chain protecting group (PG) removal and peptide resin cleavage. Advances have been made towards