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Varumärkesrätten inom den Europeiska Unionen förbjuder registreringen av varumärken som är beskrivande för varan eller tjänsten, eller en av dess egenskaper, för vilket varumärket ansöks. Kravet har ansetts vara en undergrupp till det generella kravet på att ett varumärke måste ha särskiljningsförmåga, som krävs för att uppfylla det grundläggande syftet med varumärken, nämligen att identifiera ursThe trademark regime of the European Union prohibits the registration of marks that are descriptive of the goods or services, or their characteristics, for which the mark is applied. This has been interpreted as a sub-group of the general prohibition of marks that lack distinctiveness and that thusly cannot fulfil the essential function of trademarks, i.e. identifying origin. However, while some

Implementation of the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS), a political tool intended to increase investment in renewable energy, has become increasingly common in the early 21st century. RPS policies require that a certain amount, or percentage, of electricity in a providers electricity supply mix is generated from renewable energy sources. The distribution of renewable energy generation capacity d

It is very common nowadays to speak of an ''information society'' in which control of information or information based knowledge has replaced control over matter as an ultimate source of economic power. The intellectual creations protected through patents, trade marks, copyrights etc constitute often a huge part of the companies' intangible assets. For example, the value of the

In this text the author attempts to extract the criteria for establishing ''overall control'' as described by the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in the case against Dusko Tadic. This test was formulated by the ICTY Appeals Chamber in an effort to qualify the relationship between the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the army of the

Inom musikpsykologi har många studier antytt att musik kan påverka emotioner. Denna kvalitativa studie sökte att utforska de emotionella och kognitiva effekterna samt användningar av musik av musiker, särskilt gällande coping och reglering av emotioner. Semi-strukturerade intervjuer utfördes med tio musiker. Datan analyserades genom användning av tematisk analys under ett kritisk realistiskt paradIn the field of music psychology, many studies have suggested that music can influence emotions. This qualitative study aimed to explore the emotional and cognitive effects and usage of music by musicians, especially pertaining to coping and regulating emotions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten musicians. The data were analysed using thematic analysis under a critical realist par

This thesis aims to investigate abnormal return of portfolios containing Swedish companies included in the European Union Emissions Trading System. The Emissions Trading System is a program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The thesis covers how the program effects the companies included and if this has led to abnormal returns. Former research on similar situations is presented to establish an i

This thesis analyses the evolution of the Japan-EU and Japan-NATO bilateral relationships over the last two decades from the Japanese point of view. I used the International Relations theories of Realism, Liberalism and Constructivism to explain why and how these actors engage in cooperation. Thus, I tackled various topics such as trade, security, defence, technology, norm-making, and ideology. T

In an era of globalization, where decision-making transcends national boundaries, it is crucial to recognize the importance of individual participation in shaping the international legal sphere. This recognition becomes even more critical in the 21st century, as we are faced with the need to respond to global challenges and emergencies that demand the collaboration of diverse actors. The inclusive

This thesis investigates the relationship between the terms of rights issues and the subsequent stock price development in the short, medium, and long term within the Nordic markets. Focusing on rights issues conducted by companies in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland from 2014 to 2024, the study employs an event study methodology to analyze market reactions. Key variables examined include

The relationship between the stock market and the condition of a country’s economy is a relevant topic in the recent economic and financial studies. Therefore, the purpose of our thesis is to investigate in finding long-term and short-term relationships between the stock market and macroeconomic variables in the three Baltic countries and compare the results with three more economically developed

Founded in 1952, the European Parliament has progressed through transformational constitutional processes into the primary bearer of democracy within the European Union as its only directly elected institution. As several studies have reported on legislative behavior in previous European Parliament terms, this thesis aims to capture the effects of electoral systems, parliamentary groups’ ideologic

Kritiskt tänkande i värdefrågor VT14.pptx Kopplingen mellan logik och spel går långt tillbaka (Aristoteles såg studiet av logiken, syllogismläran, som nära sammankopplad med studiet av reglerna och målsättningarna med debatterande). Detta gör att man kan tänka på meningen hos ett sanningsfunktionellt konnektiv/operator i termer av ett spel (det s.k. Henkin- Hintikka spelet). LOGIK & SPELTEORI Tänk

https://www.fil.lu.se/media/utbildning/dokument/kurser/FPRA11/20141/Slides_frelsning_5.pdf - 2026-07-24

The scientific secrets behind the creation of the XANADU logoBy Emanuel Larsson, researcher at Antigen Presentation,  Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University.IntroductionA straightforward idea would have been to just create the XANADU logo in a text compiler or graphical text design software. However, we felt that there was a need to incorporate some scientific knowledge into t

https://www.fysik.lu.se/en/education/xanadu-graduate-research-school/about-xanadu/about-xanadu-logo - 2026-07-23

Solar cells made from inorganic-organic perovskites have gradually approached market requirements as their efficiency and stability have improved tremendously in recent years. Planar low-temperature processed perovskite solar cells are advantageous for possible large-scale production but are more prone to exhibiting photocurrent hysteresis, especially in the regular n-i-p structure. Here, a system

The aim of this study is to analyse how a taxonomy-based course design can support students’ qualitative learning processes in online university courses. The paper presents a case study based on two online courses in comparative literature in Swedish and English. A document analysis has been applied to analyse the empirical material, which includes the syllabuses, study guides, and examination ass

BACKGROUND: One of the critical challenges with capitation payment to primary care providers is ensuring that the fixed payments are equitable and adjusted for expected care needs. Patients of lower socioeconomic status (SES) generally have higher health care need. Sweden developed a Care Needs Index, which is used in the capitation payments to primary care providers to account for patient SES.OBJ

The research on digitalisation has experienced a shift in the last decade, and animportant facilitator of the effects of business World digitalisation is the increased use of mobile devices. Furthermore, research on value creation has also gone through changes recently. Although much value research has been conducted, there is a gap in retail digitalisation research and the consumers’ interaction

Zoom Zoom är en plattform där lärare eller studenter kan hålla videomöten eller föreläsningar. Det är ett lätt program att använda och det finns många bra funktioner. Läraren kan till exempel hålla föreläsningar, gemensamma diskussioner i klassen eller gruppdiskussioner via "breakout rooms" - allt inne i Zoom! Ladda ner Zoom För att använda Zoom behöver du ladda ner klienten. När du blir inbjuden

https://www.historiska.lu.se/media/utbildning/dokument/kurser/HISA25/20202/Att_anv_nda_Zoom_studentguide.pdf - 2026-07-24