Filtyp
IMPORTANCE Standard dosing of chemotherapy based on body surface area results in marked interpatient variation in pharmacokinetics, toxic effects, and efficacy.Whether tailored dosing can improve outcomes is unknown, as is the role of dose-dense adjuvant chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE To determine whether tailored dose-dense adjuvant chemotherapy improves the outcomes of early breast cancer compared with
The human-environment connection in the mostly rural drylands of sub-Saharan Africa forms a complex, interlinked system that provides ecosystem services. This system is susceptible to climatic variability that impacts the supply of its products, and high population growth, which impacts the demand for these products. When plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through the process of phot
En majoritet av de nordliga torvmarkerna utvecklades under holocen som ett resultat av en positiv massbalans mellan nettoprimärproduktion och heterotrofa nedbrytningshastigheter. Sedan dess har de lagrat stora mängder kol i terrestra ekosystem. En betydande del av dessa områden sammanfaller också med regioner med underliggande permafrost och uppvisar olika ackumulationsmönster av torv. Således, föThe majority of the northern peatlands developed during the Holocene as a result of a positive mass balance between net primary productivity (NPP) and heterotrophic decomposition rates. Over that time they have sequestered a huge amount of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. A significant proportion of these areas also coincides with areas underlain with permafrost and shows a diverse range of peat
Popular Abstract in Swedish Oberoende av vilket bränsle som används ger förbränning upphov till utsläpp av miljöfarliga gaser, såsom kväveoxider, svaveldioxider, kolmonoxid och oförbrända kolväten. Dessa ämnen bidrar till försurning, smog, växthuseffekten och kan skada ozonlagret. Även koldioxid kan anses som en miljöfarlig gas då den bidrar till den globala uppvärmningen. För att få en bättre förIn the work presented in this thesis, different laser-based techniques were employed for measurements in different combustion devices. Laser-based techniques enable non-intrusive and in-situ measurements to be carried out, in which high spatial and temporal resolution can be obtained. Different parameters related to combustion research can be visualized, such as species concentrations, temperature
Semiconductor nanowires are studied by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) based methods in this work. In the first section, the growth mechanism of gallium arsenide nanowires grown by chemical beam epitaxy is investigated. The nanowires are epitaxially grown from a gallium arsenide substrate by using gold seed particles as catalysts. The growth of gold particle catalysed nanowires is oft
Popular Abstract in Swedish Mag-tarmkanalen utgör kroppens största hormon-producerande organ. Många av de hormon-producerande cellernas funktion är ännu okänd och mycket lite är känt om den betydelse de kan ha vid olika sjukdomar i mag-tarmkanalen. I magsäckens syraproducerande del (fundus) finns 4 hormon-producerande celler, av vilka ECL cellen (65 %) och A-lika cellen (25 %) tillsammans utgör caThe ECL cells constitute a prominent endocrine cell population in the acid-producing part of the stomach. They are controlled by circulating gastrin released from G-cells in the antrum. In response to gastrin, they secrete histamine, that in turn stimulates the parietal cell to secrete acid. The first aim of the study was to prepare isolated ECL cells of high purity and to study and identify regul
This thesis describes a combinatorial approach to design and synthesis of three libraries of compounds, referred to as pilicides, designed to target periplasmic chaperones present in uropathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria that are the main cause of urinary tract infections. Periplasmic chaperones are required for assembly of adhesive organelles, i.e. pili, which recognize and bind to specific rec
Amelogenin is an extracellular matrix protein involved in formation of enamel during early tooth development. By interacting with the forming enamel crystallites amelogenin affects their growth, so that highly elongated hydroxyapatite crystals are formed. Early during the enamel formation amelogenin is proteolytically processed, which is essential for correct enamel formation. However, the exact m
The field of research dealing with the integration of biomolecules with electronic elements to form functional devices is called ‘‘bioelectronics’’. Bioelectronics based on mediated electron transfer (MET) between the biological element and the electrodes are designated as “second generation” while the one based on direct electron transfer (DET) is specified as “third generation”. Implanted bioele
Background: Adverse events induced by intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to treat high-grade non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) often lead to treatment discontinuation. The EAU-RF NIMBUS trial found a reduced number of standard-dose BCG instillations to be inferior with the standard regimen. Nonetheless, it remains important to evaluate whether patients in the reduced BCG treatmen
The functional role of striatonigral neurokinins were studied by analysing the effects of intranigral injections of substance P and neurokinin A on the extracellular level of dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the striatum, as measured by in vivo microdialysis in rats. Two substance P antagonists, substance Pd-Pro2d-Trp7,9 and substance Pd-Arg1d-Trp7,9 Leu11 were tested and analysed for th
Mercury (Hg) is regarded as a major environmental concern in many regions, traditionally because of high concentrations in freshwater fish, and now also because of potential toxic effects on soil microflora. The predominant source of Hg in most watersheds is atmospheric deposition, which has increased 2- to >20-fold over the past centuries. A promising approach for supporting current European effo
Popular Abstract in Swedish Den här avhandlingen är ett bidrag till utvecklingen av en metodik som gör det möjligt att med hjälp av fossila pollen d.v.s. pollen som lagrats i mossar och sjöar, rekonstruera historiska och förhistoriska landskap så precist som möjligt vad gäller utbredning av skog, olika typer av öppen mark samt vegetationens sammansättning. Den tolknings metodik som för närvarande Fossil pollen records retrieved from peat and lake sediments have great potential for quantifying past plant cover. This thesis is a contribution to the development of a palynological interpretation tool for reconstructing past cultural landscapes in terms of plant abundance and distribution. The aims of this thesis are (1) to explore pollen-vegetation relationships in the ancient, traditional cul
Pollen analyses and AMS C-14 measurements were performed on lacustrine sediments and peat deposits from the former crater lake Steregoiu in a mid-altitude area in the Gutaiului Mountains in NW Romania in order to provide a detailed reconstruction of the vegetational development of the area during the Late-Glacial and Holocene. The bottom sediments are siliciclastic and were deposited probably duri
Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. sphagnicola is an allotetraploid marsh orchid derived from parents closely similar to present-day D. incarnata and the western European form of D. maculata subsp. maculata, suggesting that it has a postglacial origin. It extends from northwestern continental Europe into areas formerly covered by the Weichselian ice sheet in mid-Scandinavia. Here, we studied the variatio
Since publication of the 1998 UNEP Assessment, there has been continued rapid expansion of the literature on UV-B radiation. Many measurements have demonstrated the inverse relationship between column ozone amount and UV radiation, and in a few cases long-term increases due to ozone decreases have been identified. The quantity, quality and availability of ground-based UV measurements relevant to a
Popular Abstract in Swedish Polycykliska aromatiska kolväten (PAH) är en grupp organiska ämnen som kan vara giftiga men även starkt cancerframkallande. De bildas vid förbränning av organiskt material vid låg syretillförsel och återfinns i olika produkter som tjära och fossila bränslen. De källor som tillför störst mängd till miljön idag är bostadsuppvärmning med ved, kol och olja (i Sverige ca 2/3Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic pollutants of great environmental concern, due to their toxicity, carcinogenicity and long persistence in the environment. To determine the potential risk associated with PAHs released from contaminated soil or waste materials, knowledge is required on the leachable concentrations of PAHs and the amounts available for release. The obj
Purpose: In an era of personalized oncology where the aim is to give every patient the right treatment at the right time an area of promising research is emerging called radiomics, or quantitative image analysis. The main underlying hypothesis is that pathophysiological information can be found in image texture not visible to the bare eye that can improve diagnosis, treatment adaption or be linked
Från och med 2022 ställer Boverket krav på att klimatpåverkan från nyproducerade byggnader ska redovisas uttryckt i kg koldioxidekvivalenter per kvadratmeter bruttoarea. Den s.k klimatdeklarationen utgår från livscyklisk metodik där produktskedet och byggproduktionsskedet omfattas. I klimatdeklarationen ska även periodiskt underhåll och livslängder för klimatskalet noteras. Många branschaktörer arAs of 2022, the Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning (Boverket) is requiring that the climate impact from newly developed buildings has to be calculated and reported in terms of kg carbon dioxide equivalents per m² of gross area. The so-called climate declaration is based on life-cycle methodology and covers the product stage and the construction process stage. Periodic mainten
The changing customers’ behavior nowadays strongly affects the market situation in any type of industries. Markets are demanding a shorter delivery lead time, shorter product life cycle and higher flexibility to fulfill customers’ expectation. In order to fully adapt in this kind of situation and maintain competitiveness in the market, a company need to have better collaboration internally and ext
