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The gene fusion technique is widely used in protein engineering and in this thesis it constitutes the basis of both the construction of artificial bifunctional enzymes and the display of two novel peptides. Artificial bifunctional enzymes have been used as model systems in the studies of native multifunctional enzymes and proximity effects within these complexes. Two various constructs are descri
The aim of the project has been to elucidate molecular events leading to amyloidosis in Hereditary Cystatin C Amyloid Angiopathy (HCCAA) patients, to enable simple diagnosis of the disease and with the ultimate goal to understand the amyloid formation process in detail, in order to develop inhibitors to the process. At the DNA level, a point mutation segregating with HCCAA was identified in the cy
Context Inpatients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, warfarin prevents ischemic stroke, but dose adjustment, coagulation monitoring, and bleeding limit its use. Objective To compare the efficacy of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran with warfarin for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism. Design, Setting, and Participants Double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial (20002001)
This thesis deals with the carbon balance in a subarctic landscape at different temporal and spatial scales. Its focus is mainly on the peatland and mountain birch forest (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) ecosystems within the Abisko area in northernmost Sweden. This is an area with a temperature close to the 0 OC mean annual isotherm. The area has during the last 30 years experienced a limited
Understanding past methane dynamics in arctic wetlands and lakes is crucial for estimating future methane release. Methane fluxes from lake ecosystems have increasingly been studied, yet only few reconstructions of past methane emissions from lakes are available. In this study, we develop an approach to assess changes in methane availability in lakes based on delta C-13 of chitinous invertebrate r
Atmospheric organic aerosols are generally classified as primary and secondary (POA and SOA) according to their formation processes. An actual separation, however, is challenging when the timescales of emission and gas-to-particle formation overlap. The presence of SOA formation in biomass burning plumes leads to scientific questions about whether the oxidized fraction of biomass burning aerosol i
Background Acute pyelonephritis is a common infection in adult women, but there is a paucity of controlled trials of its treatment and the optimum duration of antibiotic treatment has not been properly defined. We compared the efficacy of ciprofloxacin for 7 days and 14 days in women with community-acquired acute pyelonephritis. Methods In a prospective, non-inferiority trial undertaken at 21 cent
The levels of heavy metals in surface water and their potential origin (natural and anthropogenic) were respectively determined and analysed for the Obuasi mining area in Ghana. Using Hawth's tool an extension in ArcGIS 9.2 software, a total of 48 water sample points in Obuasi and its environs were randomly selected for study. The magnitude of As, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb, Hg, Zn and Cd in surface water fro
A strain of an alkaliphilic bacterium Bacillus halodurans was isolated from a water sample in Lake Shalla, a soda lake in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. From the culture of this isolate, B. halodurans S7, a xylanase which is active in a wide range of pH, with an optimum at about 9-9.5 was purified. When assayed at pH 10, the enzyme was optimally active at 70 ?C. The xylanase was free from any associat
The primary aim of the research project is to analyse the potential for the application of lidar and fluorescence techniques in building investigation, and also to establish a scientific remote-sensing method for surveying and analysing the historical facade that is non-destructive and can be used in-situ. The fluorescence lidar method uses point-monitoring and scanning of areas that can provide m
Cerium dioxide, or ceria, is a chemically stable oxygen ion conducting material with a capacity to store and release oxygen, and is therefore extensively used in combustion catalysts. The Cu-Ce-O system has been identified as one of the most active catalysts for the combustion of carbon monoxide. To study the catalytic oxidation of CO, we have synthesised model CuOx/CeO2 cata
Popular Abstract in Swedish Finkorniga moräner betraktas ofta som problemjordar inom anläggningsbranschen beroende på jordarnas känslighet för förändringar i vatteninnehåll och för deras tjälegenskaper. I dagsläget används endast en begränsad mängd finkorniga moräner i anläggningsbyggande. Huvudmålet med denna avhandling har varit att öka kunskapen om dessa jordars egenskaper och att finna/utvecklFine-grained soils are often regarded as problematic soils in earthworks because of their water- and frost sensitivity. Only limited amounts of fine-grained tills are used as earthwork material today. The main objective of this thesis is to improve the knowledge of how to use and also treat a fine-grained till, so that a greater amount can be utilised as earthwork material. To achieve an increasin
Popular Abstract in English Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is known as the father of microbiology, because he made the first microscopic observation of bacteria in human history, published in 1683. For the naked human eyes, bacterial cells are too small to observe, and the development of microscopy techniques has since then been fundamental for examining bacterial cells. Recent advances in visualizing toCoiled coil proteins emerge as important determinants of bacterial cellular organization. Several such proteins display properties characteristic to metazoan intermediate filament (IF) proteins, and are therefore designated bacterial IF-like proteins. The best studied examples of the latter are crescentin in Caulobacter crescentus that determines the curved cell shape, and FilP (filament forming-p
Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka det strukturella underlaget för förslagen att makrofager och gaserna kvävemonooxid (NO) och kolmonoxid (CO), som bildas av kvävemonooxidsyntaser (NOS) respektive hemeoxygenaser (HO), är viktiga för att en perifer nerv ska regenerera. Det finns stöd för dessa hypoteser eftersom andra har visat att förhållanden som stör den invThe purpose of this study was to investigate the suggestions that macrophages, and the systems generating nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), i.e. nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and heme oxygenases (HO), could be important for peripheral nerve regeneration. Immunocytochemistry was used to visualise invading and resident macrophages, inducible NOS (iNOS), two isoforms of HO (HO-1 and HO-2),
E-business is becoming more and more common today. The predictions of future growth give clear indications that companies will use e-business more and more. However in the growth of e-business it has been identified that there is a common lack of understanding in customer needs and logistics. In order to reduce some of this non-understanding this thesis seeks answers to the following question: - H
Popular Abstract in Swedish Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: När udda blir mainstream - om stress och likriktning i växtsamhället I skogen råder stress på många sätt, och precis som i det mänskliga samhället har stressen i växtsamhället ökat under de senaste decennierna. Dessa händelser har heller inte skett oberoende av varandra. Vårt allt snabbare tempo med krav på ökad tillväxt har inte baSoil acidification has become a source of serious concern in many parts of the world. In southern Sweden, the deposition of acidifying substances, such as nitrogen and sulphur compounds, has decreased the mean pH of forest soils by almost one unit since the 1950s. Apart from H+ ions themselves being harmful to plant roots, the potential toxicity of aluminium (Al) is increased when pH drops below 5
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling syftar till att ge en översikt över cirka hundra år av europeisk intellektuell historia som lyfter fram nya aspekter av de klassiska tänkarna. Analysen av de fyra filosoferna Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, David Hume och Charles de Montesquieu syftar till att belysa en generell historisk process, nämligen hur den moderna människosynen växer fram i Europa. EThis essay has three main aims. The first one is to give an overview of some hundred years of European intellectual history, bringing out new aspects of the classical thinkers. The analysis of the four philosophers Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, David Hume and Charles de Montesquieu aims at illustrating a general historical process, viz. the emergence of the modern view of man in Europe. After Hobbes,
The interactions between uncharged polymers, e.g. ethyl(hydroxylethyl)cellulose (EHEC) and some model polymers, and ionic surfactants in aqueous solution has been studied by using isothermal titration and differential scanning calorimetry. We found that titration calorimetry could give quite detailed information about polymer - surfactant interactions. Values for the critical aggregation concentra
The research field of the thesis is clinical adult psychiatry and it focuses on the treatment of patients with autism spectrum disorders. Before the publication of DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) in 1994 intellectually high-functioning patients with autism have not been included in diagnostic manuals and received appropriate treatment in adult psychiatry. In recent y
