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Parasitoid wasps are major causes of mortality of many species, making host immune defences a common target of adaptive evolution, though such targets outside model species are poorly understood. In this study, we used two tests of positive selection to compare across three closely related Galerucella leaf beetles that show substantial differences in their phenotypic response to the shared parasit
BACKGROUND: Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a useful low-cost marker of insulin resistance. We aimed to evaluate the association between TyG index and arterial stiffness, incidence of diabetes, adverse cardiovascular outcomes, and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in two large prospective Swedish cohorts, the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study-Cardiovascular Cohort (MDCS-CV) and the Malmö Preven
The development of environmental certification schemes has increased rapidly during the last twenty years and are often used as benchmarks during design of new buildings or reconstruction. However, for management of our existing buildings the members of Sweden Green Building Council request for clear guidelines and a certification scheme. Therefore, a new certification scheme called Miljöbyggnad i
Background: Ideas of patient involvement are related to notions of self-determination and autonomy, which are not always in alignment with complex interactions and communication in clinical practice.Aim: To illuminate and discuss patient involvement in routine clinical care situations in nursing practice from an ethical perspective.Method: A case study based on an anthropological field study amongBackground:Ideas of patient involvement are related to notions of self-determination and autonomy, which are not always in alignment with complex interactions and communication in clinical practice.Aim:To illuminate and discuss patient involvement in routine clinical care situations in nursing practice from an ethical perspective.Method:A case study based on an anthropological field study among pa
PurposeDrylands account for 47.2% of land area and contain 15.5% of global carbon (C). However, the variation in organic and inorganic C stocks across latitudinal gradients in arid and semiarid shrubland ecosystems remains understudied, and we lack in-depth understanding of the main drivers of C variation at this spatial scale.MethodsHere, we sampled soils from 95 sites across a latitudinal gradie
Background: Septic arthritis (SA) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a rare yet severe complication. The samples in previous studies have been small and without nationwide coverage, making analysis uncertain with a risk of bias. Conclusions to recommend preventive measures are therefore difficult to draw, and it has not been possible to perform a comprehensive risk factor an
In Swedish schools, a warm lunch is served every day. The lunch is prepared in a large-scale food service system and includes steam-cooked potatoes several times per week. The potatoes are often industrially pre-treated to facilitate the handling and logistics required to cook hundreds of meals in a couple of hours. During the industrial pre-treatment, the potato tubers are usually peeled by abraIn Swedish schools, a warm lunch is served every day. The lunch is prepared in a largescale food service system and includes steam-cooked potatoes several times per week. The potatoes are often industrially pre-treated to facilitate the handling and logistics required to cook hundreds of meals in a couple of hours. During the industrial pretreatment, the potato tubers are usually peeled by abrasio
Climate change and urbanization are two major challenges when planning for sustainable energy transition in cities. The common approach for energy demand estimation is using only typical meso-scale weather data in building energy models (BEMs), which underestimates the impacts of extreme climate and microclimate variations. To quantify the impacts of such underestimation on assessing the future en
Although e-scooter sharing has become increasingly attractive, little attention has been paid to a comprehensive comparison of e-scooter sharing mobility in multiple cities. To fill this gap, we conduct a comparative study to reveal the similarity and difference of e-scooter sharing mobility by collecting and analyzing vehicle availability data from 30 European cities during post COVID-19 pandemic
INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have shown an increased risk of obstetric complications in pregnancies after oocyte donation (OD). The present study includes all singletons born after OD during 10 years in Sweden.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study that included data from all Swedish in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics between 2003 and 2012 was performed. Data were cross-linked with
Quality of Life and long-term clinical outcome following robot-assisted radical trachelectomy. Objectives: To evaluate quality of life (QoL) and long-term clinical outcome following robot-assisted radical trachelectomy (RRT). Study Design: Prospectively retrieved clinical data were rereviewed on all women planned for a fertility sparing RRT for early stage cervical cancer at Skåne University Hospi
While successes in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission program are believed to lead to substantial reductions in new perinatal infections, new sexually acquired infections among the older adolescent group seem to fuel the HIV epidemic. That is why adolescents are the only age group in which an increase in new HIV infections was reported in the latest global HIV progress update. Increase
BACKGROUND: Accessibility to surgical services can impact earthquake preparedness and response. We aimed to estimate the population with timely access to surgical care in Guerrero, a Mexican state with high tectonic activity, and identify populations at risk in the event of an earthquake.METHODS: We conducted an ecological study using open government data. We extracted data from Guerrero municipal
Background: Sex and gender influence many aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Limited data are available on this topic in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). We therefore aimed to investigate sex issues in the EARCO registry, a prospective, international, observational cohort study. Methods: Baseline data from PiZZ individuals, enrolled in the registry with complete data on
ObjectiveSputum cultures can guide antibiotic therapy, particularly in severe pneumonia or when resistant pathogens are suspected. However, data on how prior and ongoing antibiotic exposure affects microbial detection are limited. This study aimed to evaluate this impact, stratified by timing and route of administration.MethodsIn- and outpatients from nine hospitals in Skåne, Sweden, who submitted
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nonmetastatic (M0) clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) recurs in ∼20% of patients within 5 yr after surgery. With no biomarkers available, recurrence detection relies on radiological imaging. Urine glycosaminoglycan profiles (GAGomes) were previously associated with M0 ccRCC recurrence. We conducted an observational prospective multicentre diagnostic test cohort study
The lifelong risk of stroke following adverse pregnancy outcomes, and potential causality, are unknown. This study examined five major adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term risk of stroke in a large population-based cohort. Methods A national cohort study was conducted of all 2 201 393 women with a singleton delivery in Sweden during 1973–2015, followed up for stroke through 2018. Cox regressio
This study aims to compare and validate two soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer (SVAT) schemes: TERRA-ML and the Community Land Model (CLM). Both SVAT schemes are run in standalone mode (decoupled from an atmospheric model) and forced with meteorological in-situ measurements obtained at several tropical African sites. Model performance is quantified by comparing simulated sensible and latent heat
Popular Abstract in Swedish I denna avhandling studeras begravningsentreprenörernas arbete. Materialet är i första hand inhämtat genom intervjuer och observationer på begravningsbyråer som tillhör Sveriges Begravningsbyråers Förbund. Begravningsentreprenörer upplever att det finns en negativ bild av yrket, som är kopplad till hanteringen av avlidna. Samtidigt efterfrågas begravningsentreprenörernThis dissertation has a dual purpose. Firstly to describe what funeral directors do and how they experience their work. Secondly to see if, and in that case how, funeral directors influence rites around the deceased, both official as well as more private rites. The study is based on text analysis, interviews with 32 funeral directors and field studies on four funeral parlours. Only funeral directo
