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Hedersrelaterat våld är för svenskt vidkommande inte längre ett främmande begrepp eller fenomen. Inte desto mindre är ämnet politiskt laddat och debatten om hedersrelaterat våld är fortfarande högaktuell. Inte minst på det straffrättsliga området gör sig problematiken gällande och det tycks råda en oklarhet kring vilken betydelse heder bör ha i rättsliga sammanhang. Hedersrelaterat våld är ett kViolence in the name of honour is no longer an unknown concept or phenomenon in the Swedish society. Nevertheless, the issue is subject of an ongoing political debate. The problematic aspects of violence in the name of honour are evident within the criminal justice system and there appears to be inherent uncertainties regarding the role of honour in the legal context. Violence in the name of hon

According to the EU Water Framework Directive, all Member States are obliged to survey and analyze their water according to river basins. The directive was implemented into Swe-dish law in 2004. At the same time, Sweden's five water authorities were formed to coordi-nate the water management at regional and municipal levels. Furthermore, the municipalities in Sweden are imposed to develop muni

I 10 § 2 st. AvtL regleras en vanlig och i praktiken viktig fullmaktsform, nämligen ställningsfullmakten. Paragrafen ska läsas tillsammans med 10 § 1 st., 11 § 1 st., och 15 § AvtL men de rekvisit som är karakteristiska för just ställningsfullmakten är att mellanmannen i följd av ett avtal med huvudmannen, ska inneha en ställning som ger mellanmannen viss behörighet att rättshandla för huvudmannenThe “position of authority” (ställningsfullmakt) is amongst the most common and perhaps one of the most important types of power of attorney. The regulation is found in section 10 paragraph 2 of the Swedish Contracts Act 1915 (SCA) and states: “A person who, being employed in the service of another party or otherwise as a result of an agreement with another party, occupies a position which, accord

Solidariskt ansvar är huvudregeln när flera skadevållare gör sig skyldiga till en och samma skada. Solidariskt skadeståndsansvar innebär att skadelidande kan kräva en av skadevållarna på hela skadeståndsbeloppet som om skadevållaren skulle varit ensam ansvarig. Det krävs att de allmänna förutsättningarna för skadeståndsskyldighet är uppfyllda för var och en av skadevållarna. Den som har blivit kräJoint and several liability is the general rule in Swedish law when multiple guilty parties are responsible for one together caused damage. Joint and several liability means that the injured party can claim that just one of tortfeasors is held responsible for the entire amount of the damages like as if the tortfeasor was alone responsible for the whole damage. The general conditions for liability

Inom ramen av sin recension av Ross’ bok On Law and Justice presenterade Hart mycket framgångsrikt vad han senare skulle bli känd för inom rättsfilosofin - den interna ståndpunkten. I sin kritik av Ross rättsteori hävdade Hart att rättsliga omdömen om giltighet främst skall uppfattas som interna, normativa omdömen och som ett uttryck för acceptans av lagen som en beteendestandard. Han uppfattade iWith his review of Ross’s book On Law and Justice, Hart introduced something for which he later on, would become famous in legal philosophy – the internal point of view. In his criticism of Ross’s legal theory, Hart claimed that legal statements of validity are primarily internal, normative statements, manifesting acceptance of the law as a standard of behaviour. He did not acknowledge the possibi

In recent years the railway has received a lot of negative publicity thanks to the large amount of delay hours that occurs during winter conditions and especially at snowfall. In our railway network, the points are the most targeted problem components were snow and ice cause the most problems. Due to its moving parts and low tolerances for disorder, a few millimeters of gap between the rails is en

The widespread consequences of climate change are becoming more and more evident around the world and are raising crucial awareness to world leaders that a sustainable transition is direly needed to mitigate against disastrous climatic events. In Australia, in early 2020, these events took the form of some of the most devastating and largest forest fires the country has ever seen. This devastation

Wheat bran is a by-product from the production of wheat flour. Nowadays wheat bran is mostly used as feed for animals, in the food and baking industry or it is simply burned in open air. However, wheat bran could be used in biorefineries for production of value-added products such as bioplastics, biofuels and chemicals as a substitute for fossil feedstocks as petroleum. Since wheat bran is an agri

Styrelsen är underordnad bolagsstämman till följd av aktiebolagets hierarkiska organisationsstruktur. Denna hierarkiska organisationsstruktur i kombination med 8 kap. 41 § andra stycket ABL e contrario innebär att styrelsen har en lydnadsplikt gentemot bolagsstämmans beslut. I framställningen undersöks vilka möjligheter styrelsen har att vägra verkställighet av ett bolagsstämmobeslut enligt aktiebThe board of directors is subordinated to the shareholders’ meeting as a result of limited liability company’s having a hierarchical organisational structure. This hierarchical organisational structure in combination with the provisions in Chapter 8 Section 41 second paragraph in the Swedish Company Act (“SCA”) e contrario means that the board of directors has a duty of obedience to resolutions by

A big challenge faced by the digital communication world today is increasing the reliability of information which is being transmitted. During the transmission of information, there is a possibility that the information is corrupted or distorted. If this distortion is considerably high, it becomes dicult to decode and retrieve the original information. To help mitigate this eect, the information b

Fast driftställe är ett vedertaget begrepp i inkomstskatterättsliga sammanhang. Begreppet finns definierat i såväl OECDs modellavtal som i den svenska inkomstskattelagen. Definitionen har i stort sett varit oförändrad sedan dess införande. I dagens allt mer globaliserad värld, där multinationella företag bedriver handel såväl inom som över landsgränserna, har begreppets ålderstigna definition meThe Permanent Establishment status is a concept in the income tax law context. The term is defined in the Model Tax Convention of OECD and the Swedish Income Tax Act. The definition has with minor changes remained unchanged since its introduction. In today's increasingly globalized world, where multinational corporations are acting within and across national borders, weaknesses in the current

Handel med så kallade osanna fakturor är ett relativt avancerat upplägg som används i syfte att undvika beskattning. Med begreppet osann faktura avses en faktura som ger sken av att ett avtal ingåtts mellan två parter, vanligtvis om köp av tjänster eller varor, men där avtalet mellan parterna i själva verket avser köp av själva fakturan. Motivet bakom upplägg med osanna fakturor är i regel att minThe trading with so-called untrue invoices is a relatively advanced scheme used in order to avoid taxation. The term untrue invoice refers to an invoice that indicates that an agreement regarding purchase of services or goods has been made between two un-associated parties, when the agreement between the parties in fact relates to the purchase of the invoice itself. The motive behind the usage of

Artificiell intelligens utvecklas snabbt och blir alltmer självständig. Detta framgår av de patentansökningar som nyligen lämnats in för uppfinningar som gjorts av DABUS som är en AI. Enligt rättspraxis angående DABUS uppfinningar kan endast en fysisk person vara uppfinnare i patentlagstiftningens mening. Detta beror på att uppfinnaren måste ha rättskapacitet för att kunna inneha de rättigheterna Artificial intelligence is rapidly advancing and becoming more autonomous. This is highlighted by the recent patent applications filed for inventions made by the AI, DABUS. The case law regarding DABUS’ inventions holds that only a natural person can be an inventor within the meaning of patent law. This is because, to hold rights associated with being identified as the inventor, the inventor needs

Title: The ensemble teachers importance for an equal education – A study of students musicality in the upper secondary schools aesthetic program, direction music Author: Daiana Corduneanu The purpose of this paper is to study how music teachers look at the relation between gender and the choice of the instruments drums, bass, guitar and piano within the genres pop and rock. The goal is also to get

I februari 2015 antog det Brittiska parlamentet the Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015, i syfte att fylla ut luckor i den tidigare kontra-terror lagstiftningen. De temporära reseförbud som därmed infördes riktas mot det tilltagande problemet med så kallade foreign fighters och består av två delar. Befogenheten att beslagta och kvarhålla pass och andra resedokument ger en gränskontrollerande tIn February 2015 the British Parliament adopted the Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015 for the purpose of filling gaps in the previous counterterrorism legislations. The temporary restriction on travel measures thus introduced, target the increasing problem with so-called foreign fighters and consist of two elements. The power to seize and retain passports and/or travel documents entrusts a p

Sverige har länge varit förskonat från korruption av större omfattning, landet brukar i Transparency Internationals årliga rapporter rankas som ett av länderna med minst korruption. Det senaste decenniet har dock flera stora korruptionshärvor i myndigheter och offentlig verksamhet uppmärksammats av media och väckt stort intresse hos allmänheten. Undersökningar som BRÅ publicerat visar att mutor i Sweden has long been spared from the corruption of higher extent, Transparency International's annual reports usually rank the country as one of those with the least corruption. The last decade, however, several major cases of corruption in authorities and the public sector have attracted the attention of the media and great interest among the public. Investigations published by BRÅ show that

Energy use and supply are evident issues to consider for a sustainable development, where the economic, social and environmental aspects are all important. In large grid-bound systems, the supply of energy is usually a rather invisible activity and the contacts between household custo-mers and utilities are sometimes only repre-sented through the energy bill. In this thesis, three particular field

Popular Abstract in Swedish Behandlingsideologier och arbetsmodeller avlöser varandra snabbt i dagens samhälle. Att hänga med i det nya och samtidigt försvara det arbete som man gör eller tidigare gjort är en problematik som allt fler ställs inför. I spelet mellan olika inriktningar byggs det upp en argumentation. I denna avhandling analyseras hur anställda vid en psykiatrisk vårdinstitution, specTreatment ideologies and working models replace each other quickly in today's society. During the 1980s a dramatic dismantling of the psychiatric institutions occurred. The health care system was supposed to be transferred to non-institutional care. This was, however, not possible for all groups of patients. At an institution, specialized in so called demanding patients and patients who received c

Background The aim of the Nordic Diltiazem (NORDIL) Study was to compare patients with essential hypertension receiving calcium-antagonist-based treatment with diltiazem and similar patients receiving conventional diuretic/beta-blocker-based treatment, with respect to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Objective To assess the influence of age, sex, severity of hypertension and heart rate on t

An interference quenching of the nu"=1 vibrational line in the resonant Auger decay of N 1s-->pi(*) core-excited N-2 is observed and analyzed. The intensity ratio between the nu"=1 and nu"=0 vibrational levels of the X(2)Sigma(g)(+) final state shows a surprising nonmonotonous variation as a function of frequency detuning, going through a minimum with a complete suppression of nu"=1. We have devel