Sökresultat

BACKGROUND: Iodine has been suggested to protect against breast cancer, but there are no epidemiologic studies on individual risk. An interesting finding is that in areas where the exposure to both selenium and iodine are high (e.g., Japan), the risk of breast cancer is lower than in areas where selenium is high and iodine low (e.g., United States), or in areas where both are low (e.g., Northern E

The rapid pace of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19) pandemic presents challenges to the real-time collection of population-scale data to inform near-term public health needs as well as future investigations. We established the COronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology (COPE) consortium to address this unprecedented crisis on behalf of the epidemiology research comm

When small quantum systems, atoms or molecules, absorb a high-energy photon, electrons are emitted with a well-defined energy and a highly symmetric angular distribution, ruled by energy quantization and parity conservation. These rules are based on approximations and symmetries which may break down when atoms are exposed to ultrashort and intense optical pulses. This raises the question of their

Objectives: To study effects of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) on the interspecies dynamics of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in preschool children with respiratory tract infection. Methods: Nasopharyngeal samples from children aged ≤6 years with upper respiratory tract infection (n = 14 473) in South Sweden were analysed durin

We present a detailed study of the effect of gate-oxide-related defects (traps) on the small-signal radio frequency (RF) response of III-V nanowire MOSFETs and find that the effects are clearly identifiable in the measured admittance parameters and in important design parameters such as h21 (forward current gain) and MSG (maximum stable gain). We include the identified effects in a small-signal mo

High-frequency performance of vertical InAs/InGaAs heterostructure nanowire MOSFETs on Si is demonstrated for the first time for a gate-last configuration. The device architecture allows highly asymmetric capacitances, which increases the power gain. A device with Lg = 120 nm demonstrates fT = 120 GHz, fmax = 130 GHz and maximum stable gain (MSG) = 14.4 dB at 20 GHz. These metrics demonstrate the

BACKGROUND: The use of surrogate markers for targeting viral load (VL) testing could be an alternative to universal VL testing during antiretroviral treatment (ART) and would allow for more effective resource allocation. We investigated the correlation between levels of HIV RNA and interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) in Ethiopian adults at 12 months after ART initiation. In addition, we spec

Background: Recent reports suggest that the negative association between diabetes mellitus and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) may be driven by metformin, the world's most common antidiabetic drug rather than diabetes per se. We sought to investigate the association among AAA growth rate, chemokine profile, and metformin prescription in a contemporary Swedish cohort. Methods: Patients under survei

The interaction of ultrathin single-crystalline IrO2(110) films with the gas phase proceeds via the coordinatively unsaturated sites (cus), in particular Ircus, the undercoordinated oxygen species on-top O (Oot) that are coordinated to Ircus, and bridging O (Obr). With the combination of different experimental techniques, such as thermal desorption spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)

Vertical III-V nanowire MOSFETs have demonstrated excellent performance including high transconductance and high Ion. One main bottleneck for the vertical MOSFETs is the large access resistance arising from the contacts and ungated regions. We demonstrate a process to reduce the access resistance by combining a gate-last process with ALD gate-metal deposition. The devices demonstrate fully scalabl

Health impact assessments of differential air pollution rely on epidemiologically established relationships between concentration levels where people are exposed and adverse health outcomes. To assess air pollution concentrations, land use regression is commonly used. However, an alternative tool is dispersion modelling, where a detailed inventory of pollution sources together with meteorological

Introduction: Fetal growth restriction is associated with adverse perinatal outcome and the clinical management of these pregnancies is a challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) to predict adverse perinatal outcome in high-risk pregnancies in the third trimester. Another aim was to study whether the CPR has better predictive value than its

Background and purpose — Fast-track care programs have been broadly introduced at Swedish hospitals in elective total hip and knee replacement (THR/TKR). We studied the influence of fast-track programs on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) 1 year after surgery, by exploring outcome measures registered in the Swedish arthroplasty registers. Patients and methods — Data were obtained from the Swedish K

This study explored factors associated with interest in taking PrEP among men who have sex with men (MSM) attending HIV testing venues in Sweden. Data from 658 HIV-negative respondents, surveyed by a questionnaire at six sites, were analyzed descriptively and by univariable and multivariable logistic regression. A total of 453 (68.8%) of the respondents expressed interest in taking PrEP. Reporting

Monolithic integration of III-V semiconductors with Silicon technology has instigated a wide range of new possibilities in the semiconductor industry, such as combination of digital circuits with optical sensing and high-frequency communication. Dissimilarities in the crystal structure symmetry and large lattice mismatch between III-V’s and Si are the challenges that prevent direct epitaxial growt

This study investigates the sex steroid hormone profile in younger men with distal radius fracture (DRF) to elucidate if this could explain the low bone density and osteoporosis previously observed. In a case–control study, 73 men with DRF (mean age 38 ± 9 years; range, 20–51) was compared with 194 age-matched, population controls. Performed assays: total testosterone (TT), calculated free testost

Nanowire (NW) arrays containing a top segment of GaxIn1–xP are investigated, comparing NWs grown using two different Ga precursors, trimethylgallium (TMGa) and triethylgallium (TEGa). TMGa is the precursor commonly used for the particle-assisted vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth of GaxIn1–xP NWs. However, it shows inefficient pyrolysis at typical NW growth conditions. The use of the alternative prec

Tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) are promising candidates that have demonstrated potential for and beyond the 3 nm technology node. One major challenge for the TFETs is to optimize the heterojunction for high drive currents while achieving steep switching. Thus far, such optimization has mainly been addressed theoretically. Here, we experimentally investigate the influence of the source seg