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Vocal learning is a critical behavioral substrate for spoken human language. It is a rare trait found in three distantly related groups of birds-songbirds, hummingbirds, and parrots. These avian groups have remarkably similar systems of cerebral vocal nuclei for the control of learned vocalizations that are not found in their more closely related vocal non-learning relatives. These findings led to

Popular Abstract in Swedish Blodkärlens glatta muskulatur kan anpassa sig till ett ökat tryck genom omstrukturering och hypertrofi, vilket ofta ses hos patienter med hypertoni. De molekylära mekanismerna som ger upphov till dessa effekter är inte fullständigt klarlagda. Vi har därför utvecklat en modell för att undersöka effekterna av tryck (sträckning av kärlväggen) på kärlpreparat från portaven Vascular smooth muscle can adapt to increased intraluminal pressure by remodelling and hypertrophy, as seen in hypertension. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this are still incompletely characterized. We have developed an organ culture system where strips of rat or mouse portal veins are cultured for 1 to 3 days loaded (stretched) by an attached weight and then studied for morphology, func

Context: Systems of systems (SoS) are highly complex and are integrated on multiple levels (unit, component, system, system of systems). Many of the characteristics of SoS (such as operational and managerial independence, integration of system into system of systems, SoS comprised of complex systems) make their development and testing challenging. Contribution: This paper provides an understanding

What accounts for the differences in the economic performance across Italian regions in the post-Unification period? This thesis seeks to explain the regional patterns of economic development and industrialization in Italy in the period 1871-1911 by applying various Economic Geography models. The first part follows Overman and Puga (2002) and studies the distribution of industrial employment acros

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) can elicit protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae in mouse infection models. PspA is classified by serology and amino acid sequence into two major families that are divided by sequence into five clades. The most variable portion of the molecule is the alpha-helical domain, which comprises the N-terminal half of PspA. Prior studies of a family 1 PspA prote

The extreme soil conditions in metalliferous mine soils have a negative influence on soil biological activity. Therefore, amendments are often used to improve soil quality and activate microbial communities. In order to elucidate some of the factors controlling microbial growth and community structure after application of amendments in acid mine soils, we performed an incubation experiment with fo

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is a serious global public health problem directly correlated to high antibiotic consumption. Romania is one of the European countries with the highest rates of antibiotic consumption, non-prescription antibiotics use and resistance of several pathogens to antibiotics. Pharmacists are an important stakeholder in respect to antibiotic management and context specifi

Objectives: To describe the pattern of drug resistance at virological failure in the NEAT001/ANRS143 trial (first-line treatment with ritonavir-boosted darunavir plus either tenofovir/emtricitabine or raltegravir). Methods: Genotypic testing was performed at baseline for reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease genes and for RT, protease and integrase (IN) genes for patients with a confirmed viral

The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child state that in all actions concerning children the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. Children are capable of forming their own views and have the right to express those views freely. The school plays an important role in empowering children in this socialization process and Swedish schools have in its educational assignment a

Developed states have what might charitably be called a schizophrenic attitude towards international refugee law. Determined to remain formally engaged with refugee law and yet unwavering in their commitment to avoid assuming their fair share of practical responsibilities under that regime, wealthier countries have embraced the politics of non-entrée, comprising efforts to keep refugees away from

Popular Abstract in Swedish Dagens samhälle är mycket beroende av fordonsbränslen och kemikalier som producerats av råolja. Framtidens tillgång på råolja är oviss, det enda som är säkert är att det är en ändlig resurs. Användningen av olja bidrar dessutom till koldioxidutsläpp till atmosfären. För att säkra framtida tillförsel av energi och kemikalier till samhället och för att uppnå ett mer klimaMany scientists believe that the oil production will peak in the near future, if the peak has not already occurred. Peak oil theories and uncertain future oil deliveries have stimulated interest in alternative sources of fuel and chemicals. This interest has been enhanced by concerns about energy security and about the climate change caused by emissions of carbon dioxide. The result has been incre

Please cite this paper as: Källén B, Finnström O, Lindam A, Nilsson E, Nygren K-G, Otterblad Olausson P. Selected neonatal outcomes in dizygotic twins after IVF versus non-IVF pregnancies. BJOG 2010; Objective To compare neonatal outcome among twins conceived after in vitro fertilisation (IVF) with that of spontaneously conceived twins. Design Comparison of different-sex (dizygotic) twins born aft

Abul-Kasim K, Brizzi M, Petersson J. Hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign is an ominous prognostic marker despite optimal workflow. Acta Neurol Scand: DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01277.x. (c) 2009 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2009 Blackwell Munksgaard.Objectives - To evaluate the association between the hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS) and the functional outcome on one han

Soft tissue angiofibroma is a recently delineated tumor type of unknown cellular origin. Cytogenetic analysis of four cases showed that they shared a t(5;8)(p15;q13). In three of them it was the sole change, underlining its pathogenetic significance. FISH mapping suggested the involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) and nuclear receptor coactivator 2 (NCOA2) genes in 5p15 and

Prediction of wound healing and major amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulceration is clinically important to stratify risk and target interventions for limb salvage. No consensus exists as to which measure of peripheral artery disease (PAD) can best predict outcomes. To evaluate the prognostic utility of index PAD measures for the prediction of healing and/ or major amputation among patie

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To study the heritability and familiality of type 2 diabetes and related quantitative traits in families from the Botnia Study in Finland. METHODS: Heritability estimates for type 2 diabetes adjusted for sex, age and BMI are provided for different age groups of type 2 diabetes and for 34 clinical and metabolic traits in 5,810 individuals from 942 families using a variance compone

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of the efficacy results from 3 placebo-controlled multicenter clinical trials of slow-release mesalamine (Pentasa) for the acute treatment of mild to moderate Crohn's disease. METHODS: Three trials fulfilled the selection criteria (double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized studies in adult patients treated with Pentasa

Objective: The therapies available today for multiple sclerosis (MS) reduce but do not fully control disease activity. The objective of this article is to review the definitions of and treatments for suboptimally controlled MS and highlight the challenges faced by clinicians to increase awareness of recognizing and managing patients with suboptimally controlled MS. Methods: Published literature de

In the present study we combined interferon (IFN) and hydroxyurea (HU) treatment, intensive chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) in newly diagnosed chronic myelogenous leukemia patients aged below 56 years, not eligible for allogeneic SCT. Patients who had an HLA-identical sibling donor and no contraindication went for an allogeneic SCT (related donor, RD). After diagnosis,

Chromosome abnormalities have been reported in more than 46,000 benign and malignant neoplastic disorders, leading to the identification of numerous recurrent abnormalities. A substantial number of recurrent balanced aberrations (RBAs), in particular, reciprocal translocations, occur with remarkable specificity in association with clinical and tumor characteristics. This information has become inc