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Lung transplantation (LTx) is an established therapeutic option for end-stage pulmonary disease. However, it remains restricted by donor lung scarcity. Donor's lungs are rejected frequently due to severe lung damage caused by aspiration or neurogenic pulmonary oedema that can all lead to acute lung injury (ALI), and more severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Lung transplant patients f
Cyanobakterier är urgamla prokaryoter, som finns i en mängd olika livsmiljöer över hela världen. Deras förmåga att utföra fotosyntes (det vill säga att använda solljus, vatten och koldioxid för att producera syre- och kolhydrater) gör dem till viktiga primära producenter, och tillsammans med andra växtplankton utgör de basen för akvatiska näringsvävar.Vid optimala tillväxtförhållandena kan populatCyanobacterial blooms are increasing in occurrence and frequency world-wide, mainly due to eutrophication and increased water temperatures. In freshwater, Microcystis is one of the most common bloom-forming genera, renowned for producing the toxin microcystin which is harmful to humans and other mammals. The ability of Microcystis strains to produce microcystins is largely due to the presence or a
The use of manufactured nanomaterials is increasing globally. Although multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used in a wide range of applications, only limited data are available on emissions and exposures during CNT composite production. No exposure data using portable aethalometers in the personal breathing zone (PBZ) to monitor occupational exposure to CNTs have yet been published. The aim o
Generellt sett gäller tvister vad som har inträffat i verkligheten och parternas faktaberättelser består av faktiska omständigheter. Vilken betydelse som en omständighet får för utgången av en tvist avgörs av vilken processrättslig kategori som omständigheten hänförs till. Vilka omständigheter som parterna måste åberopa för att domstolen ska få beakta dem avgörs av reglerna om åberopsbörda. När paDisputes generally revolve around what, in reality, has occurred and the parties, therefore, tend to focus on presenting different stories as to how the dispute arose in the first instance. In deciding which series of events should form the basis for the application of the law in question, the court seeks guidance from a plethora of procedural rules. These rules state (i) which party must provide
The Iron Closet has always been deep, and although never leading to Narnia it has on occasions had the potential to be a one-way ticket to a forced labour camp. After the decline of the Soviet Union, however, the Western world rejoiced; the second parenthesis had been set out and we now lived in the main narrative again where everything ought to make sense. Countries in the post-Soviet space would
Under de senaste decennierna har utvecklingen av metoder för assisterad befruktning gått snabbt framåt och numera kan många som lider av ofrivillig barnlöshet få hjälp att få barn genom dessa metoder. Begränsningar i både svensk och finsk lagstiftning medför dock att alla ofrivilligt barnlösa inte kan få barn genom assisterad befruktning. Dessa begränsningar drabbar främst olikkönade par där kvinnIn the past few decades, the development of methods for assisted reproduction has progressed rapidly and nowadays many people suffering from infertility can be helped to have children through these methods. However, limitations in both Swedish and Finnish legislation mean that all infertile cannot have children through assisted reproduction. These limitations affect mainly different-sex couples wh
Konkurrensrätten främjar flera syften, däribland effektiv konkurrens och avtalsfrihet. Vad händer när dessa syften ställs mot varandra? Exempelvis när ett dominant företag väljer att inte leverera en resurs till sina konkurrenter eller andra aktörer på marknaden och den effektiva konkurrensen därför begränsas. Ett sådant beteende kan vara otillåtet, avtalsfriheten till trots. Doktrinen om nödvändiCompetition law promotes several purposes, including that of an effective competition and contractual freedom. What are the consequences when these purposes clash? For example, what happens when a dominant company refuses to supply a certain resource to its competitors with the result of hindering the competition? Such behaviours can be deemed illicit, despite the promotion of contractual freedom.
Domstolarnas och de enskilda domarnas självständighet och oberoende är av grundläggande betydelse för rättsstaten och för ett fungerande demokratiskt samhällsskick. Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva och analysera gällande rätt om ordinarie domares arbete ur konstitutionellt och arbetsrättsligt perspektiv. Metoden är rättsdogmatisk och rättsanalytisk. Materialet som används är dels de traditioneThe autonomy of the court and the individual judges is of fundamental importance for the rule of law and for a functioning democratic social order. The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze the law as it applies to ordinary judges from the perspective of constitutional law and labor law. The method of inquiry is legal dogmatic and legal analytic. The materials used in this thesis are p
Ämnet för denna uppsats är regleringen i 6 kap. 13 § BrB, som föreskriver att även den som inte insåg men hade skälig anledning att anta att ett barn är underårigt ska dömas till ansvar. Ansvar för sexualbrott förutsätter som huvudregel att en gärningsperson har uppsåt i förhållande till att ett barn är underårigt men 6 kap. 13 § BrB utgör således ett undantag härtill. Bestämmelsen syftar dels tilThe subject of this essay is the regulation in Chapter 6, 13th article of the BrB, which stipulates that even those who did not realise, but had reasonable reason to assume that a child is minor age, shall be sentenced to liability. The responsibility for sexual offences generally requires that the offender is intentional in relation to the fact that a child is underage, but Chapter 6, 13th articl
Aktieägaravtal har stor inverkan på det praktiska företagslivet. Aktieägare kan här på ett hemligt och flexibelt sätt skräddarsy begränsningar för hur aktierna ska kunna överlåtas. För minoritetens del handlar det ofta om att stärka sin ställning gentemot röststarka aktieägare. Ofta föreskrivs det överlåtelsebindningar i aktieägaravtal som begränsar aktiernas överlåtbarhet i syfte att förhindra oöShareholders’ agreements have a major impact on the practical business life. Here, shareholders can in a clandestine and flexible way make tailor-made restrictions on how and when the shares can be transferred to third parties. As for the minority, entering a shareholders’ agreement is often about strengthening its position towards shareholders holding stronger voting power. More often than not, S
Vulnerability to climate change and the capacity to adapt to it are the result of intersecting power structures, system dynamics, and social identity markers otherwise known as intersectionality; and thus, differ greatly between contexts. However, despite the stark contextual differences between small and metropolitan cities, and lower and higher income countries, the policy and study of climate c
Fastighetsmarknaden i Sverige omsätter ungefär 100.000 fastigheter till ett sammanlagt värde av 300 miljarder svenska kronor. Fastighetsöverlåtelsernas påverkan för individen och på samhällsnivå kan inte underskattas. Den digitaliserande trenden har påverkat denna bransch starkt internationellt och i Norge har lagändringar genomförts för att anpassa fastighetsöverlåtelsen till den moderna och digiThe real estate market in Sweden has a turnover of approximately 100,000 properties with a total value of 300 billion SEK. The impact of the property transfers on the individual and at the community level cannot be underestimated. The digitalisation trend has had a major impact on this industry internationally and in Norway, legislative changes have been made to adapt the property transfer to the
Abstract This study tested the effect of environmental concentrations of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) sertraline on the life history of Daphnia magna and how individual-level responses could predict effects on population growth rate. Individual-level responses related to reproduction, growth and feeding were quantified in a 39-day bioassay and used in a life-table matrix. Alt
The right to damage in antitrust cases within the European Community arises from the case Francovich decided by the ECJ. The case established that the individual's right to compensation could be based on Community law. The case also established that the national courts are required to apply the right to compensation regardless of the position of the national law. The first case to follow the p
Due to the ongoing urbanisation, the urban environment will consist of extended impervious areas, such as roof tops, roads and parking lots. During rainfall events these kinds of impermeable areas will cause a faster and larger response in runoff, which can lead to an increased load on the storm-water system and thus increase the risk of flooding. In certain areas, the situation will be further wo
In 2011, a new EU Directive for Alternative Investment Fund Managers came into force. Following the financial crisis in 2008, it had been evident that Alternative Investment Fund Managers had been exposed to severe risks without sufficient regulation. While the Directive has taken some time for Member States to implement through national legislations, it can be considered to have been largely suc
Ore-mining, metallurgy and other industrial activities represent the source of heavy metal and radionuclide contamination in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Physico-chemical processes are employed for heavy metal removal from industrial wastewater. However, limitations due to the cost-effectiveness and the use of contaminating reagents make these processes not environmentally friendly. Biot
