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Alternative fuels have been proposed as a means for future energy-secure and environmentally sustainable transportation. This review and benchmarking show that several of the alternative fuels (e.g. methanol, ethanol, higher alcohols, RME, HVO, DME, and biogas/CNG) work well with several different engine concepts such as conventional SI, DICI, and dual fuel, and with the emerging concepts HCCI, RC
Faryngotonsillit, eller halsfluss, är en vanlig orsak till att patienter söker primär-vård och är även en vanlig orsak till antibiotikaförskrivning. Bakterien Grupp A-streptokocker (GAS) har sedan länge varit den viktigaste mikroorganismen vid halsfluss, inte minst på grund av dess koppling till följdsjukdomar som exempelvis reumatisk hjärtsjukdom, men det finns många andra bakterier och virus somPharyngotonsillitis, or acute sore throat, is a common reason for attending primary health care and a common reason for antibiotic prescription. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) has long been considered the most important pathogen in pharyngotonsillitis, but a wide array of other bacteria and viruses have also been associated with this condition. However, few studies have used modern approaches for aet
The retinoblastoma gene product (pRb) is involved in both cell cycle regulation and cell differentiation. pRb may have dual functions during cell differentiation: partly by promoting a cell cycle brake at G(1) and also by interacting with tissue-specific transcription factors. We recently showed that pRb mediates differentiation of leukemic cell lines involving mechanisms other than the induction
Objectives To compare risks for COVID-19-related outcomes in inflammatory joint diseases (IJDs) and across disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) during the first two waves of the pandemic and to assess effects of the pandemic on rheumatology care provision. Methods Through nationwide multiregister linkages and cohort study design, we defined IJD and DMARD use annually in 2015-2020. We ass
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the cost effectiveness of oral semaglutide versus other oral glucose-lowering drugs for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Sweden. Methods: The Swedish Institute for Health Economics Diabetes Cohort Model was used to assess the cost effectiveness of oral semaglutide 14 mg versus empagliflozin 25 mg and oral semaglutide 14 mg versus sitagliptin
Objective: There is a paucity of sex-specific data on patients’ postcardiotomy venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). The present study sought to assess this issue in a multicenter study. Design: Retrospective, propensity score–matched analysis of an international registry. Setting: Multicenter study, tertiary university hospitals. Participants: Data on adult patients undergoi
BACKGROUND: Kwashiorkor, a form of severe malnutrition with high mortality, is characterized by edema and systemic abnormalities. Although extremely common, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood, and its characteristic physical signs are unexplained.OBJECTIVE: Because kwashiorkor can develop in protein-losing enteropathy, which is caused by a loss of enterocyte heparan sulfate proteoglycan
Background and Purpose: The EFFECTS (Efficacy of Fluoxetine - a Randomised Controlled Trial in Stroke) recently reported that 20 mg fluoxetine once daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome but reduced depression and increased fractures and hyponatremia at 6 months. The purpose of this predefined secondary analysis was to identify if any effects of fluoxetine were ma
Adding metal-oxide shell layers is a promising route for improving the performance of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in various applications. However, despite the rapidly growing interest and a significant amount of experimental work on metal@metal-oxide NPs, computational modeling is relatively scarce, particularly on the sintering mechanism, which plays a crucial role in both the synthesis and perfor
OBJECTIVES: Telomeres are critical to maintain the integrity of the chromosomes, and telomere abnormalities are important features of carcinogenesis. Telomere length differs among individuals due to genetic and environmental factors. Aiming to examine the relationship between DNA-damaging agents and average telomere length in peripheral blood, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 157 workers
This paper investigates the greenhouse gas emissions from a Swedish wetland, constructed to decrease nutrient content in sewage treatment water. To evaluate the effect of the construction in terms of greenhouse gas emissions we carried out ecosystem-atmosphere flux measurements of CO2, CH4 and N2O using a closed chamber technique. To evaluate the importance of vascular plant species composition to
OBJECTIVES: The susceptibility to arsenic (As)-induced diseases differs greatly between individuals, probably to a large extent due to genetic differences in arsenic metabolism. The aim for this study was to identify genetic variants affecting arsenic metabolism. METHODS: We evaluated the association between urinary metabolite pattern and polymorphisms in three gene-groups related to arsenic metab
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the performance of kynurenine/tryptophan ratio for tuberculosis (TB) case-finding among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive people with HIV (PWH), and to investigate other factors associated with kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in this population. Design: A nested case-control study based on a cohort of 812 ambulatory PWH in the Oromia region, Ethiopia. Me
Background: Little is known about the effects of pesticides on children's respiratory and allergic outcomes.We evaluated associations of prenatal and current pesticide exposures with respiratory and allergic outcomes in children from the Infants' Environmental Health Study in Costa Rica.Methods: Among 5-year-old children (n=303), we measured prenatal and current specific gravity-corrected urinary
Contaminated drinking water (DW) is a major source of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at locations around PFAS production/use facilities and military airports. This study aimed to investigate quantitative relationships between concentrations in DW and serum of nine perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in Swedish adult populations living near contamination hotspots. Short-chained (PF
Background and aims: The EAT-Lancet Commission proposed a healthy dietary pattern to prevent diet-related diseases while promoting planetary sustainability, but little is known regarding its associations with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), both of which are highly prevalent and frequently co-exist. We aimed to assess association of thi
Objectives: Breast-fed (BF) have lower risk of infections during infancy compared to those formula-fed (FF). A higher content of alpha-lactalbumin (α-lac) in breast milk, which may promote a more favorable gut microbiota, could be one reason. In this study, we evaluated whether increased concentration of α-lac in low-protein infant formula affects the immune response and the incidence of infection
Normal birth is a eustress reaction, a beneficial hedonic stress with extremely high catecholamines that protects us from intrauterine hypoxia and assists in the rapid shift to extrauterine life. Occasionally the cellular O2 requirement becomes critical and an O2 deficit in blood (hypoxemia) may evolve to a tissue deficit (hypoxia) and finally a risk of organ damage (asphyxia). An increase in H+ c
Purpose: The relative roles of urinary sphincter damage, aging, and childbirth in stress urinary incontinence (SUI), have not been established. This study was performed to elucidate the roles of these factors. Methods: The study included: (1) 8 female cynomolgus monkeys (17–19 years of age and 7–8 vaginal births each); (2) six 5-year-old nulliparous monkeys with surgically created chronic urinary
